Chapter 82. Book of Asking Permission to Enter
I. Initiating the Greeting
5873. Hammam related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah created Adam on His form and his height was sixty cubits. When He created him, He said, 'Go and greet that group angels and listen to how they greet you. It will be your greeting and the greeting of your descendants.' He said, 'Peace be upon you,' and they said, 'Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah,' and they added, 'and the mercy of Allah.' Everyone who enters the Garden will be in form of Adam. People have been getting shorter until now."
II. Chapter.
The words of Allah Almighty, "O you who believe! Do not enter houses other than your own until you have asked permission and greeted their inhabitants. That is better for you – so that perhaps you may pay heed. And if you find no one at home do not go in until permission has been granted you. And if you are told to go away then go away. That is far purer for you. Allah knows what you do. There is nothing wrong in your entering houses where no one lives where there is some service for you. Allah knows what you divulge and what you conceal." (24:27-29)
Sa'id ibn Abi'l-Hasan said to al-Hasan, "Non-Arab women show their chests and heads." He said, "Avert your gaze from them. Allah Almighty says, 'Say to the believing men that they should lower their eyes and guard their private parts.' (24:30) Qatada said, 'They guard them from what is not lawful for them. "Say to the believing women that they should lower their eyes and guard their private parts." (24:31)'"
"The dishonesty of eyes" (40:19) refers to looking at what is forbidden.
Az-Zuhri said about looking at girls who have not yet menstruated, "It is not proper to look at any of them whom one might desire to look at it, even if she is little."
'Ata' disliked looking at slavegirls who were being sold in Makka unless he wanted to make a purchase.
5874. Sulayman ibn Yasar reported that 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had al-Fadl ibn 'Abbas ride behind him on the Day of Sacrifice on the back of his camel. Al-Fadl was a handsome man. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stopped to give verdicts to the people. A woman of Khath'am with a beautiful face came up to ask the Messenger of Allah for a verdict. Al-Fadl began to look at her and admired her beauty. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, turned around and al-Fadl was looking at her. He put his hand behind him and took the chin of al-Fadl and turned his face away from looking at her. She said, 'Messenger of Allah, Allah has made going on hajj obligatory for His slaves and my father is a very old man and cannot remain firm in his seat when riding. Can I go on hajj for him?' He said, 'Yes.'
5875. Sulayman ibn Yasar related from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Beware of sitting in the roadways." They said, "Messenger of Allah. we must have places where we can sit and talk together." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If you must sit there, then give the roadway its rights." They asked, "What are the rights of the roadway, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Lowering the eye, refraining from causing annoyance, returning the greeting, commanding the right and forbidding the wrong."
III. As-Salam (Peace) is one of the Names of Allah Almighty
"When you are greeted with a greeting, greet with one better than it or return it." (4:86)
5876. It is reported from Shaqiq that 'Abdullah said, "When we prayed behind the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, we said, 'Peace be upon Allah from His slaves. Peace be upon Jibril. Peace be upon Mika'il. Peace be upon so-and-so and so-and-so.' When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, finished, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, turned to us and said, 'Allah is Peace. When one of you sits in the prayer, he should say, "Greetings belong to Allah and prayers and good words. Peace be upon you, O Prophet and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah." If you say that, it will cover every right-acting slave of Allah in the heavens and the earth. "I testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger." After that he can choose to say whatever he wishes.' "
IV. A small group greet the larger group
5877. Hammam ibn Munabbih related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The young greets the old, the one walking the one who is sitting, and the small group greets the larger group."
V. The rider greets the one who is walking
5878. Thabit, the client of 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Zayd, said that he heard Abu Hurayra say that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The rider greets the one walking, the one walking greets the one sitting, and the small group greet the larger group."
VI. The one walking greets the one sitting
5879. Thabit, the client of 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Zayd, reported from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The rider greets the one walking, the one walking greets the one sitting and the small group greets the larger."
VII. The young greets the older
5880. 'Ata' ibn Yasar related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The young greets the old and the one walking greets the one sitting, and a small group greet a large group."
VIII. Making the greeting common practice
5881. Mu'awiya ibn Suwayd ibn Muqarrin related that he heard al-Bara' ibn 'Azib say, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded us to do seven things and forbade us seven things. He commanded us to visit the sick, join funeral processions, bless the sneezer, assist the weak, help the wronged, make the greeting common practice, and fulfil oaths. He forbade us to drink from silver vessels, and he forbade us to wear gold rings, ride on silk saddle cloths, and to wear silk, silk brocade, qissi silk and istabraq silk."
IX. Greeting those one knows and those one does not know
5882. Abu'l-Khayr related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr that a man asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 'Which part of Islam is best?' He answered, "That you feed people and greet those whom you know and those whom you do not know."
5883. 'Ata' ibn Yazid al-Laythi related from Abu Ayyub, may Allah be pleased with him, related that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not lawful for a Muslim to shun his brother for more than three days so that they meet and this one turns this way and that one turns that way. The best of them is the one who initiates the greeting." Sufyan mentioned that he heard it from him three times.
X. The Ayat of the Hijab
5884. Ibn Shihab reported from Anas ibn Malik that he was ten years old when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to Madina. [He said,] "I served the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for ten years of his wife. I am the one who knows best about the business of the screen and when it was revealed. Ubayy ibn Ka'b used to ask me about it. The first of what was revealed was on the wedding night of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with Zaynab bint Jahsh. In the morning, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was a groom and he invited people who had some food and then went out. A group of them remained with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for a long time. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, got up and went out and I went out with him so that they would go out. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, walked and so did I, and he went to the threshold of 'A'isha's room. Thinking that they had left, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went back and I went with him. He entered where Zaynab was and they were still sitting there and had not left. So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went back and I went with him as far as the threshold of 'A'isha's room. Thinking that they had left, he went back and I went with him, and they had left. The Ayat the Screen (Hijab) was revealed and he let down a curtain between me and him."
5885. Abu Miljaz related that Anas said, "When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, married Zaynab, some people came in and were fed. Then they sat down conversing. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, seemed ready to get up, but they did not get up. When he saw that, he actually got up, and when he did so, some people got up to go while some people remained sitting. The Prophet , may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came back to enter and found the people still sitting there. Then they finally got up. So I went and told the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that they had gone. He went inside. I went to enter, but he put up a screen between me and him, and then Allah revealed, 'O you who believe! Do not go into the Prophet's rooms...' (33:53)"
Abu 'Abdullah said, "It contains some fiqh. He did not ask permission from them when he stood up and went out. Also he made ready to go, meaning for them to depart."
5886. 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr related that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "'Umar ibn al-Khattab used to say to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 'Veil your wives,"' but the he did not do it. The wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to go out at night to al-Manasi' at night (to defecate). Once Sawda bint Zam'a, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out. She was a tall woman and 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, who was in a gathering, saw her and said, 'We have recognised you, Sawda!' because of his keenness for the Veil to be veiled. So Allah Almighty revealed the Ayat of the Screen."
XI. Asking permission to enter is for looking
5887. Az-Zuhri said, "I preserved it as you are here from Sahl ibn Sa'd who said. "A man looked into one of the rooms of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was scratching his head with an iron comb. He said, 'If I had known that you were looking, I would have poked this in your eye. Asking permission to enter was instituted on account of the eyes."
5888. 'Ubaydullah ibn Abi Malik related from Anas ibn Malik that a man looked into one of the rooms of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to him with an arrowhead (or arrowheads). It is as if I were looking at him trying to jab the man."
XII. The fornication of the limbs which falls short of the private parts
5889. Tawus related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "I did not see anything more like minor sins than the words of Abu Hurayra...
Tawus related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "I did not see anything more like minor sins than what Abu Hurayra said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah has written for the son of Adam a share of fornication which he must commit. The fornication of the eyes is the look and the fornication of the tongue is the speech. The self wishes and desires and the private parts confirm all of this or deny it."
XIII. Greeting and asking permission three times
5890. Thumama ibn 'Abdullah related from Anas that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to greet, he greeted three times. When he said something, he repeated it three times.
5891. Busr ibn Sa'id related that Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said, "I was in one the gatherings of the Ansar when Abu Musa came as if he was frightened, He said, 'I asked permission to visit 'Umar three times and he did not give me permission, so I returned. Then he said, 'What kept you from entering?' I said, 'I asked permission to enter three times and was not given permission, so I went back. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'When one of you asks for permission to enter three times and is not given it, he should go back.' He said, 'By Allah, you will produce a clear proof of it.' Is there any of you who heard it from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?' Ubayy ibn Ka'b said, 'By Allah, only the youngest of the people will go with you.' I was the youngest of the people and I went with him and informed 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said that.
Another isnad from Abu Sa'id.
XIV. If a man is invited and then comes, should he ask permission?
Abu Rafi' reported from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is his permission."
5892. Mujahid related that Abu Hurayra said, "I went in with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he found some milk in a drinking bowl. He said, 'Abu Hirr. Go to the People of the Suffa and invite them to come to me.' I went to them and invited them. They came and asked permission to enter and he gave them permission and they entered."
XV. Greeting Children
5893. Thabit al-Bunani related from Anas ibn Malik that he passed by some children and greeted them and said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to do that."
XVI. Men greeting women and women greeting men
5894. Abu Hazim related: "Sahl said, 'We used to be happy on the day of Jumu'a.' 'Why?' I asked. He said, 'There was an old woman among us who used to send someone to Buda'a (Ibn Maslama said that it was some palm trees in Madina) and she would pull up the roots the garden-beet (silq) and put them in a pot. Then she would put in some ground barley. When we had prayed Jumu'a, we would go and greet her and then she would bring it to us. We used to be happy of that. We did not have lunch or an afternoon nap except after Jumu'a.'"
5895. Abu Salama ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman reported that 'A'isha said "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ''A'isha, this is Jibril who gives you the greeting.' I said, 'And on him peace and the mercy of Allah. You see what we do not see.'" She meant the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
Shu'ayb corroborated it. Yunus and an-Nu'man related from az-Zuhri, "And his blessings."
XVII. When someone says, "Who is it" and the other says, "I"
5896. Muhammad ibn al-Munkafir said, "I heard Jabir say, 'I went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about a debt which my father owed, I knocked on the door and he said, 'Who is it?' I said, 'I.' He said, 'I? I?' as if he disliked it."
XVIII. The one who returned the greeting by saying, 'And on you peace."
'A'isha said, "And on him peace and the mercy of Allah and His blessings."
The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The angels responded to Adam, 'Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah."
5897. Sa'id ibn Abi Sa'id al-Maqburi related that Abu Hurayra said, "A man entered the mosque while the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was in a corner of the mosque. He prayed and then came and greeted him. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, 'And upon you be peace. Go and back and pray. You have not prayed.' He prayed and then came and greeted and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'And upon you be peace. Go and back and pray. You have not prayed.' The second time or the time after that he said, 'Teach me, Messenger of Allah.' He said, 'When you stand for the prayer, go wudu' properly, then face the qibla and say the takbir. Then recite what is easy for you that you know of the Qur'an and then do ruku' until you are at rest in your ruku'. Then stand back up until you are completely upright. Then go into sajda until you are at rest in your sajda. Then sit back until you are at rest in the sitting position. Then go into sajda until you are at rest in your sajda. Then sit back until you are at rest in the sitting position. Do that throughout all of your prayer.'" Abu Usama said in the end, "Until you are completely upright.'"
Another isnad from Abu Hurayra in which he said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Then you come up until you are at rest in the sitting position."
XIX. When someone says, 'So-and-so sends you the greeting"
5898. Abu Salama ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman reported that 'A'isha reported to him that the Messenger of Allah. may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to her, "Jibril gives you the greeting."' She said, "And on him peace and the mercy of Allah."
XX. Greeting in a gathering which is a mixture of Muslims and idolaters
5899. It is related from 'Urwa that Usama ibn Zayd told him that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, rode a donkey with saddle underneath which was a cloth made in Fadak and Usama ibn Zayd was riding behind him. He went to visit Sa'd ibn 'Ubada in the Banu'l-Harith ibn al-Khazraj before the Battle of Badr. He proceeded until he passed by a gathering which contained a mixture of Muslims, idolaters, pagans, and Jews. Among them was 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul. 'Abdullah ibn Rawaha was in the gathering. When the dust from the donkey reached the gathering, 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy covered his nose with his cloak and then said, "Don't cover us with dust!" The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, greeted them and then stopped, He dismounted and invited them to Allah and recited the Qur'an to them. 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul said, "O man! There is nothing better than what you say if it is the truth. So do not annoy us with it in our gatherings. Return to your mount and recount to whoever of us comes to you." 'Abdullah ibn Rawaha said, "Bring it to us in our gatherings. We like that!" So the Muslims, idolaters and Jews abused one another until they were practically fighting. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, kept on calming them down [until they were quiet]. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mounted his animal and went until he visited Sa'd ibn 'Ubada. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "Sa'd, did you not hear what Abu Hubab (meaning 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy) said? He said such-and-such." Sa'd said, "O Messenger of Allah, pardon him and overlook it. Allah has given you what He has given you. The people of this little town had agreed to crown him and bind his head with a (royal) turban. When Allah refused that by the truth which Allah gave you, he was vexed on that account. That is why he did what you saw." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, pardoned him.
XXI. The one who did not greet someone who had committed a wrong action and the one who did not return the greeting until his repentance was clear. How long one should wait for the repentance of the rebel to become clear
'Abdullah ibn 'Amr said, "Do not greet those who drink wine."
5900. 'Abdullah ibn Ka'b said, "I heard Ka'b ibn Ka'b relate about when he stayed behind the Tabuk expedition and the Messenger of Allah forbade people to speak to us. I would come to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and greet him and ask myself, 'Did his lips move to return the greeting or not?' This went on for fifty nights and then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, announced that Allah had turned to us when he had prayed Fajr."
XXII. How to respond to the greeting of the people of dhimma
5901. 'Urwa reported that 'A'isha said, "A group of Jews visited the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'as-Samu 'alaykum' (death be upon you. I understood it and said, 'And upon you be death and the curse!' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Gently, 'A'isha. Allah loves kindness in all things.' I said, 'Messenger of Allah, did you not hear what they said?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'And I said, "And upon you."'"
5902. 'Abdullah ibn Dinar related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When the Jews greet you, one of them will say, 'Death be upon you,' so say, 'And on you.'"
5903. 'Ubaydullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Anas related from Anas ibn Malik that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When the People of the Book greet you, then say, 'And on you.'"
XXIII. The one who looked at a letter of someone suspected in respect of the Muslims in order to make his business clear
5904. Abu 'Abdu'r-Rahman as-Sulami related that 'Ali said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me, az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam, and Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi on horseback, saying, 'Go until you reach the meadow Khakh. There will be a woman of the idolworshippers who will have a letter of Hatib ibn Abi Balta'a to the idolworshippers.' We caught her riding her camel where the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had told us. We said, ''Where is the letter you have!' She said, 'I have no letter.' So we made her camel kneel and searched her mount without finding anything. My companions said, 'We do not see any letter.' I said, 'You know that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, does not lie. I swear by Allah that you will bring out the letter or we will strip you.' When she saw we were serious, she put her hand below her waist-belt which belted her garment and produced the letter. We took it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said, 'What moved you to do what you did?' Hatim said, 'By Allah, I only believe in Allah and His Messenger! I have not altered or changed. But I wanted to have some favour with the people through which Allah might protect my relatives and property. There are none of your Companions who do not have relatives by whom Allah will protect their family and property.' He said, 'He has told the truth. Do not say anything but good about him.' 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, 'He has betrayed Allah, His Messenger and the believers. Let me strike off his head! he said, ''Umar, what will let you know. Perhaps Allah looked down on the people of Badr and said, "Do what you like. I have forgiven you. The Garden is mandatory for you.' So 'Umar wept and said, 'Allah and His Messenger know best.'"
XXIV. How a letter is written to the People of the Book
5905. Ibn 'Abbas reported that Abu Sufyan ibn Harb told him that Heraclius sent for him along with a group of Quraysh who were trading in Syria. So they went to him. He mentioned the account and said, "Then he called for the letter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and it was read out. It said: 'In the Name of Allah, the All-Merciful, Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the slave of Allah and His Messenger, to Heraclius, the Chief of Byzantium, Peace be upon him who follows the guidance. Following on from that...'"
XXV. Whose name is put first in a letter?
5906. 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Hurmuz related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mentioned a man of the tribe of Israel who took a piece of book, made a hole in it and put a thousand dinars in it and a letter from him, to his friend.
Abu Salama related that Abu Hurayra said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "He carved a piece of wood and put the money inside of it and wrote a page to him, from so-and-so to so-and-so.'"
XXVI. The words of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Rise for your master"
5907. Abu Umama ibn Sahl ibn Hunayf related from Abu Sa'id that the people of Qurayza agreed upon the judgement of Sa'd. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent for him and he said, and he said, "Rise for your master," or "the best of you". He sat with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "These people have agreed to take your judgement." He said, "I judge that their fighters be killed and their women and children taken as captives." He said, "You have given the judgement which the King has judged."
Abu 'Abdullah said, "One of my companions related from Abu'l-Walid from the word of Sa'id, "For your judgement."
XXVII. Shaking with both hands
Ibn Mas'ud said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, taught me the tashahhud while my hand was between his palms."
Ka'b ibn Malik said, "I entered the mosque and there was the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Talha ibn 'Ubaydullah rushed to me and shook my hand and congratulated me."
5908. Qatada said, "I said to Anas, 'Did the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, shake hands?' 'Yes,' He answered."
5909. 'Abdullah ibn Hisham said, "We were with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was holding the hand of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab."
XXVIII. Taking hold of the hands
Hammad ibn Zayd shook hands with Ibn al-Mubarak.
5910. Abu Ma'mar 'Abdullah ibn Sakhbara related that he heard Ibn Mas'ud say, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, taught me the tashahhud while my hand was between his palms just as he taught me a sura of the Qur'an: 'Greetings belong to Allah, and prayers and good words. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the right-acting slaves of Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.' We did this while he was among us and when he died, we said the salam, i.e. 'Peace be upon the Prophet*.'"
XXIX. Embracing, and the words of a man, "How are you this morning?"
5911. 'Abdullah ibn Ka'b related that Ibn 'Abbas told him that 'Ali ibn Abi Talib came out from being with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace ...
'Abdullah ibn Ka'b related that Ibn 'Abbas told him that 'Ali ibn Abi Talib came out from being with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he was suffering from the illness from which he died. People asked, "O Abu'l-Hasan! How is the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, this morning?" He said, "Praise be to Allah, he is well this morning." 'Abbas ibn 'Abdu'l-Muttalib took him by the hand and said to him, "By Allah, in three days time you will be a subject. By Allah, I think that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, will die of this illness of him. I recognise the faces of the Banu 'Abdu'l-Muttalib when they are dying. Let us go to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and ask him who will have this authority. If it is in us, then we will know that, and if it is for other than us, we will know it and he can advise him to look after us." 'Ali said, "By Allah, if we asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for it and he refused us, then the people would never give it to us afterwards. By Allah, I will not ask it from the Messenger of Allah."
XXX. The one who answered with, "At your service"
5912. Anas related that Mu'adh said, "I was riding behind the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, 'Mu'adh!' 'At your service and obedience, Messenger of Allah,' I answered. Then he said that a third time and said, 'Do you know what is Allah's right on His slaves?' 'No,' I answered. He said, 'Allah's right on His slaves is that they should worship Him and not associate anything with Him.' Then he travelled for a time and then said, 'Mu'adh!' 'At your service and obedience, Messenger of Allah,' I answered. He said, 'Do you know what is the right of the slaves on Allah if they do that? That He does not punish them.'"
Another isnad from Anas from Mu'adh.
5913. Zayd ibn Wahb related that Abu Dharr had related to him at ar-Rabadha, "I was walking with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the Harra of Madina in the evening and Uhud was in front of us. He said, 'Abu Dharr, I would not like to have the amount of Uhud in gold then have any of it remain with me for more than one or three days except a dinar I might keep for paying debts. I would say that it is for the servants of Allah: so-and-so, so-and-so, and so-and-so.' He showed us with his hand and then said, 'Abu Dharr.' 'At your service and obedience, Messenger of Allah,' I answered. He said, 'Those who have a lot (in this world) will have little (reward in the Next) except for someone who spends his money here and there.' Then he told me, 'Stay where you are, Abu Dharr, and do not leave until I come back.' He went until he disappeared from my sight. I heard a voice and feared that something might happen to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. I wanted to go and then I remembered what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said: 'Do not go.' I stayed and then I said, 'Messenger of Allah, I heard a voice and I feared that something had happened to you. Then I remembered what you had said and so I stayed.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'That was Jibril. He came to me and told me that any of my community who die without associating anything with Allah will enter the Garden.' I said, 'Messenger of Allah, even if he fornicates and even if he steals?' He said, "Even if he fornicates and even if he steals.'"
[Al-A'mash] I said to Zayd, "It has reached me that it was Abu'd-Darda'.' He replied, 'I testify that Abu Dharr related it to me at ar-Rabadha.'"
Al-A'mash said, "Abu Salih related the like of it from Abi'd-Darda'." Abu Shihab said that al-A'mash has, "for any of it to remain with me for more than three days."
XXXI. A man should not make another man get up from his seat
5914. Nafi' related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man should not make another man get up from his seat and then sit in it."
XXXII. "When you are told: 'Make room in the gathering,' then make room and Allah will make room for you! And when it is said, 'Get up,' then get up ..." (58:11)
5915. Nafi' related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade that a man be made to get up from his seat so that another can sit in his place, but they should make room and spread out. Ibn 'Umar used to dislike for a man to be made to get up from the seat so that then someone else sits in his place.
XXXIII. The one who got up his seat or his house without asking the permission of his companions, or appeared to be getting ready to leave, so that people would get up to leave
5916. Abu Miljaz related that Anas ibn Malik said, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, married Zaynab bint Jahsh, he invited people. They ate and then remained sitting in conversation. Then the Prophet seemed ready to get up, but they did not get up. When he saw that, he actually got up, and when he did so, everyone got up except for three individuals. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came back to enter and found the people still sitting there. Then they finally got up and left. So I went and told the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that they had gone. He went inside. I went to enter, but he put up a screen between me and him, and then Allah revealed, 'O you who believe! Do not go into the Prophet's rooms except when you are invited to come and eat ... to ... To do that would be dreadful in Allah's sight.' (33:53)"
XXXIV. Sitting squatting with the hands around the knees, and which is called "qurfusa'"
5917. Nafi' related that Ibn 'Umar said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the courtyard of the Ka'ba with his arms around his knees like this," and he demonstrated the position.
XXXV. The one who reclines in the presence of his companions
Khabbab said, "I went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was reclining on a cloak which he was using as a cushion. I said, 'Will you pray to Allah?' and he sat up."
5918. Abu Bakra related that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Shall I inform you of the greatest of major wrong actions?" "Yes, Messenger of Allah," they said. He said, "Associating others with Allah and disobeying parents."
Bishr related the like of it. He was reclining and sat up. He said, "And false testimony." He continued to repeat it until we said, "Would that he would be silent."
XXXVI. The one who walks quickly for a need or an aim
5919. Ibn Abi Mulayka related that 'Uqba ibn al-Harith said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prayed 'Asr and then walked quickly and entered his house."
XXXVII. The bed
5920. Masruq related that 'A'isha said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to pray in the middle of the bed while I was lying down between him and the qibla. If I had a need, I disliked to stand up facing him, so I slipped off the bed."
XXXVIII. The one to whom a cushion is offered
5921. Abu'l-Malih reported, "I went with my father, Zayd, to 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr and he related to us, 'My fasting was mentioned to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he visited me. I offered him a leather cushion stuffed with palm fibre, but he sat on the ground. The cushion remained between me and him. He said, "Are not three days every month enough for you?" I said, "Messenger of Allah!" He said, "Five?" I said, "Messenger of Allah!" He said, "Seven?" I said, "Messenger of Allah!" He said, "Nine?" I said, "Messenger of Allah!" He said, "Eleven?" Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no fast superior to the fast of Da'ud, peace be upon him: half the year. Fast one day and break the fast the next."'"
5922. It is related from Ibrahim that 'Alqama arrived in Syria...
It is related that Ibrahim said, "'Alqama went to Syria and went to the mosque and prayed two rak'ats. He said, 'O Allah! Bless me with a companion!' He sat beside Abu'd-Darda' who asked, 'Who is this?' 'One of the people of Kufa,' he answered. He said, 'Is there not among you the confidant (of the Prophet) with his secrets whom no one but he knows? i.e. Hudhayfa. Is there not among you the one whom Allah protected from Shaytan, i.e. on the tongue of His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,? i.e. 'Ammar. Is there not among you or in you the keeper of the siwak and cushion?' i.e. Ibn Mas'ud. How did 'Abdullah recite, '"By the night when it conceals.." (92:1)' He said, "by the male and female." He said, 'Those people have kept at me to make abandon something which I heard from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.'"
XXXIX. Midday nap after Jumu'a
5923. Abu Hazim related that Sahl ibn Sa'd said, "We used to have a midday nap and lunch after Jumu'a."
XL. Midday nap in the mosque
5924. Abu Hazim related that Sahl ibn Sa'd said, "There was no name which 'Ali loved more than Abu Turab. He used to be happy when he was called that. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to Fatima's house and did not find 'Ali at home. He said, 'Where is your cousin?' She said, 'We had a difference of opinion and he got angry with me and went out. He did not take his mid-day nap here with me.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to someone, 'See where he is.' He came back and said, 'Messenger of Allah, he is sleeping in the mosque.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went and found 'Ali lying there. His cloak had fallen from on top of him and had become covered with dust. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began to dust it off, saying, 'Get up, Abu Turab (Dusty one)! Get up, Abu Turab!'"
XLI. The one who visited some people and then had a midday nap with them
5925. Thumama related that Anas said, "Umm Sulaym used to spread a leather mat for the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he would have a midday nap on that mat at her home." He said, "When he slept. she would collect some of his sweat and hair and she put it in a bottle and added it to sukk (a type of perfume)." He said, "When Anas ibn Malik was dying, he told me to put some of that sukk in his hanut (the mixed scent used for the corpse), and that was done."
5926. Ishaq ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha reported that he heard Anas ibn Malik say, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to Quba', he used to visit Umm Haram bint Milhan and she would feed him. Umm Haram was married to 'Ubada ibn as-Samit. One day the Messenger of Allah* visited her and she fed him. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to sleep and then woke up smiling. She said, 'I said, "What made you smile, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Some people from my community who were shown me raiding in the way of Allah, riding the middle of this sea like kings on throne" (or like the kings on the thrones - Ishaq was unsure)."' She said, 'I said, "Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to put me among them!"' So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made supplication for her. 'Then he put his head down and went to sleep and then woke up smiling. I said, "What made you smile, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Some people from my community who were shown me raiding in the way of Allah," as he said the first time.' She said, 'I said, "Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to put me among them!" He said, "You are among the first.'" She embarked on the sea in the time of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan and was thrown from her animal when she left the sea and was killed."
XLII. Sitting in any way which is convenient
5927. 'Ata' ibn Yazid al-Laythi related that Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade two ways of dress and two types of sales: leaving one shoulder bare and sitting wrapped up in a single garment with nothing covering the private parts of a person, and the mulamasa and munabadha sales."
Ma'mar and Muhammad ibn Abi Hafsa and 'Abdullah ibn Budayl corroborated it from az-Zuhri.
XLIII. Someone who has a private conversation in front of the people and the one who did not disclose the secret of his companions but discloses it when he has died
5928. Masruq related that 'A'isha, the Umm al-Mu'minin, said, "We, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, were all with him, and none of us had left when Fatima, peace be upon her, came walking. By Allah, her gait was much like that of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When he saw her, he welcomed her and said, 'Welcome, my daughter!' and then he had her sit to his right or to his left and then she confided something to her and she wept profusely. When he saw her sorrow, he confided something else to her and she laughed. I was the only one of his wives who said to her, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, singled you out for a secret from among us and then you wept." When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, got up and left, I asked her, 'What did he confide to you?' She said, 'I will not divulge the secret of the Messenger of Allah.' When he died, I said to her, 'I insist? on you by what right I have on you to tell me.; She said, 'Now I will do it.' She told me and said, 'As for what he confided to me the first time, he told him that Jibril used to present the Qur'an to him once a year. He said, "This year, he has presented it to me twice. I only think that my time is approaching. Fear Allah and be steadfast. I am an excellent predecessor for you."' She said, 'Then I wept as you say. When he saw my distress, he confided to me a second time and said, "Fatima, are you not pleased that you will be the mistress of the believing women or the mistress of the women of this community?'"
XLIV. Lying one's Back
5929. 'Abbad ibn Tamim related that his uncle said, "I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, lying on his back in the mosque with one of his feet over the other."
XLV. Two should not converse privately to the exclusion of a third
The words of the Almighty, "O you who believe! When you confer together secretly, do not do so in wrongdoing and enmity and disobedience to the Messenger, rather confer together in goodness and fear of Allah. Show fear of Allah – Him to Whom you will be gathered. Conferring in secret is from Shaytan to cause grief to those who believe. But it does not harm them at all unless by Allah's permission. So let the believers trust in Allah." (58:9-10)
He says, "O you who believe! When you consult the Messenger privately precede your private consultation by giving sadaqa – hat is better for you and purer. But if you cannot find the means, Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Are you afraid to give gifts of sadaqa before your private consultation! If you do not and Allah turns to you, at least establish the prayer and pay zakat, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah is aware of what you do." (58:12-13)
5930. Nafi' related from 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When there are three people, two should not converse privately to the exclusion of the third."
XLVI. Keeping secrets
5931. Sulayman related that he heard Anas ibn Malik say, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, confided a secret to me and I have not told it to anyone after him. Umm Sulaym asked me, but I did not tell her."
XLVII. When there are more than three people, then there is nothing wrong in private and secret conversation
5932. Abu Wa'il related from 'Abdullah that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If there are three of you, then two of you should not converse privately to the exclusion of a third until you are mixed with more people since that might cause him grief."
5933. Shaqiq related that 'Abdullah said, "One day the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made a distribution and a man from the Ansar said, 'This is a division by which the Face of Allah is not desired.' I said, 'By Allah, I will go to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace!' I went to him while he was in a gathering and confided to him and he became angry so that his face became red. Then he said, 'May Allah have mercy on Musa. He was injured by worse than this and was steadfast.'"
XLVIII. A lengthy private conversation
In His words, "when they confer together secretly" (17:47), najwâ is the verbal noun from nâjâ (Form III). He described them with it and it carries the meaning of the verb, which means confiding with one another.
5934. 'Abdu'l-'Aziz related that Anas said, "The iqama for the prayer was given while a man was talking privately with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He continued to speak to him until his companions fell asleep. Then he got up and prayed."
XLIX. Do not leave fire burning in the house when going to sleep
5935. Salim related from his father that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not leave fire burning in your houses when you go to sleep."
5936. Abu Burda related that Abu Musa said, "One night a house was burned down on top of its inhabitants in Madina. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, spoke about them and said, 'This fire is your enemy. When you go to sleep put it out.'"
5937. 'Ata' related from Jabir ibn 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Cover vessels, close doors, and put out fires. Sometimes the mouse will pull away the wick and burn up the people of the house."
L. Closing doors at night
5938. 'Ata' related from Jabir that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Put out lamps at night when you go to sleep and close door and tie up waterskins. Cover food and drink." Hammam said, "I think that he said, "Even by putting a stick over it."
LI. Circumcision when one is old and plucking out the hair of the armpits
5939. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The fitra consists of five: circumcision, shaving the pubes, plucking the hair of the armpits, trimming the moustache and clipping nails."
5940. Al-A'raj related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim circumcised himself after the age of 80, and he circumcised himself using an adze."
Another isnad in which he said, "with an adze" (qaddum instead of qadum).
5941. Abu Ishaq related that Sa'id ibn Jubayr said, "Ibn 'Abbas was asked, 'How old were you when the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died?' He answered, 'At that time I had already been circumcised.' He said, 'They used to circumcise boys when they reached puberty.'"
Sa'id ibn Jubayr related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, I had already been circumcised."
LII. Every diverting talk is false if it diverts one from obeying Allah. The one who said to his companion, "Come and I will bet you!"
The words of the Almighty, "But there are some people who trade in distracting tales to misguide from Allah's Way ..." (31:6)
5942. Humayd ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, "If any of you swears an oath and says 'By al-Lat and al-'Uzza' in his oath, he should say, 'There is no god but Allah,' If anyone says to his companion, 'Come on, I will bet you,' he should give sadaqa."
LIII. What has come about buildings
Abu Hurayra said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "One of the signs of the Final Hour is that herdsmen will vie with one another in constructing tall buildings."
5943. Sa'id related that Ibn 'Umar said, "I can remember that in the time of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, I built a house with my own hands to protect me from the rain and shade me from the sun. Not a single of Allah's creatures helped me."
5944. 'Amr related that Ibn 'Umar said, "By Allah, I have not put one brick on top of another or planted a palm-tree since the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died." Sufyan said, "I mentioned it to one of his family and he said, "By Allah, he built a house!"
Sufyan said, "Perhaps he said that before he built it."