Chapter 64. Book of the Prophets
I: The creation of Adam, may the blessings of Allah be upon him, and his offspring
"Salsal" (15:26) is clay mixed with sand, like the potter's mixture. It is said to be fetid, meaning that it has a fetid smell and one says "the door creaks (sarr) and creaks (sarsara) when it is closed, and it is like kabkaba meaning kabba. "She carried" (7:189) is that the pregnancy continued until full term. "An la tasjidu" (7:12) is "to prostrate to".
II: The words of Allah Almighty, "When your Lord said to the angels: 'I am putting a khalif on the earth." (2:30)
Ibn 'Abbas said that "but has a guardian over it" (86:4) means that there is a protector over it. "Fi kabad" (90:4) is in the hardship of creation. "Riyash" (7:26) is property. Someone else said that rayyâsh and rîsh are the same, and it is what is apparent of clothing. "That you ejaculate" (56:58) is sperm in the woman's womb.
Mujahid said that "Surely He has the power to return him (to life)" (86:8) is the drop in decomposition.
Everything He created is even, and the heaven is even, while the odd (witr) is Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.
"Fi ahsan taqwin" (95:4) is in the best creation, and "lowest of the low" (95:5) except those who believe. "Khusr" (103:2) is misguidance. Then He excepted the one who believed. "Lâzib" (37:11) is clinging. "Creating you" (56:61) is in any creation which We wish. "We proclaim Your praise" (2:37) is "We venerate You."
Abu'l-'Aliyya said, "Then Adam received some words from his Lord" (2:37) is the words, "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves." (7:23) "He made them slip" (2:36) is that He made them err. "Yatassannahu" (2:259) means "to be altered". "Asin" (47:15) means "changed" and masnûn means "changed". "Hama'" (15:26) is the plural of hama'a, which is clay that has been changed. "Yakhsifân" (7:22) means to take bunches of leaves from the Garden and to put the leaves together. "Sawâtuhumâ" (7:22) is an allusion to their private parts. "Enjoyment for a time" (7:24) is from nowuntil the Day of Rising. "hîn" among the Arabs can be from an hour to an unlimited amount of time, Qabîlihi" (7:27) is his tribe which he is from.
3148. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Adam was created and his height was sixty cubits. Then He said, 'Go and greet those angels and listen to how they greet you. It will be your greeting and the greeting of your offspring.' He said, 'Peace be upon you,' and they said, 'Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah,' and they added, 'and the mercy of Allah.' Everyone who ends the Garden will be in form of Adam. People have been getting shorter until now."
3149. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The first group to enter the Garden will be like the moon on the night of the full moon, then those who follow them will be like the brightest planet in light. They will not need to urinate or defecate or spit nor blow their noses. Their combs will be golden and and their perspiration will be like musk. Their braziers will burn fragrant aloes-wood. Their wives will be the houris, They will all have the same stature and their their form will be that of their father Adam, sixty cubits in the sky."
3150. It is related from Umm Salama that Umm Sulaym said, "Messenger of Allah, Allah is not shy about the truth. Does a woman have do a ghusl when she has a wet dream?" He said, "Yes, when she has a visible discharge." Umm Salama laughed and said, "Do women have wet dreams?" He asked, "Why does her child resemble her?"
3151. It is related that Anas said, "When 'Abdullah ibn Salam heard of the arrival of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in Madina, he went to him and said, 'I will ask you about three things which only a Prophet knows. What is the first sign of the Hour? What is the first food that the people of the Garden will eat? And for what reason does a child resemble his father and for what reason does he resemble his maternal uncles?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Jibril has just informed me about them.'" He said that 'Abdullah said, "That is the enemy of the Jews among the angels."
The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The first sign of the Hour will be a fire which will gather people from the east to the west. The first food that the people of the Garden will eat will be the extra bit of the liver of the fish. As for the child's resemblance, when the man has intercourse with the woman and his discharge is first, it will resemble him. If she has a discharge first, then it will resemble her." He said, "I testify that you are the Messenger of Allah." Then he said, "O Messenger of Allah, the Jews are a calumnious people. If they know about my Islam before you ask them about me, they will slander me in your presence. The Jews came and 'Abdullah went into the house. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "What kind of man is 'Abdullah ibn Salam among you?" They said, "The most knowledgeable of us, and the son of the most knowledgeable of us, and the best of us and the son of the best of us." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "What would you think if 'Abdullah were to become Muslim?" They said, "We seek refuge with Allah from that!" 'Abdullah came out to them and said, "I testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." They said, "The worst of us and the son of the worst of us," and began to disparage him.
3152. The like of it is related from Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said, "Were it not for the tribe of Israel, meat would not decay, and where it not for Hawwa', wives would not betray their husbands."
3153. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Treat women well. Woman was created from a rib. The most crooked part of the rib is the top part. If you try to straighten it, you will break it. If you leave it, it remains crooked. So treat women well."
3154. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who is the truthful confirmed one, said, 'The way that each of you is created is that you are gathered in your mother's womb for forty days and then for a similar length of time as a blood-clot and then for a similar length of time as a lump of flesh. Then Allah sends an angel with four commandments: to write down his actions, his life-span, his provision, and whether you will be wretched or happy. Then the spirit is breathed into him. So a man can do the the actions of someone destined for the Fire until there is only an armspan between him and it, and then what is written will overtake him and he will do the actions of someone destined for the Garden and enter the Garden. A man can do the actions of someone destined for the Garden until there is only an armspan between him and it, and then what is written will overtake him and he will do the actions of someone destined for the Fire and enter the Fire.'"
3155. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah appoints an angel to the womb who says, 'O Lord! A sperm drop! O Lord A clot! O Lord! A lump of flesh! ' Then if He desires to complete His creation, the angel asks, 'O Lord! Is it to be male? O Lord! Or is it female? O Lord! Wretched or happy? What is its provision? What is its life-span?' This is all decreed in the mother's womb."
3156. It is related from Anas that Allah will say to the person who has the least punishment in the Fire, "If you were to have everything in the earth, would you ransom yourself with it?" He will answer, "Yes." He will say, "I asked you for less than this when you were in the loins of Adam: not to associate with Me, but you refused to do anything but associate."
3157. It is related that 'Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "No self is unjustly killed without responsibility for it falling on the elder son of Adam because he was the first to make a sunna of murder."
III: Spirits are assembled armies
3158. It is related that 'A'isha said, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Spirits are assembled armies. Those who are know one another are friendly to one another, and those who do not know one another disagree.'"
Yahya ibn Ayyub said that Yahya ibn Sa'id related this.
IV: The words of Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, "We sent Noah to his People" (11:25)
Ibn 'Abbas said that "badi'-r-ra'y" (11:27) means what appears to us. "Iqli'i" (11:44) is to refrain. "The oven boiled " (11:40) means that water gushed up. 'Ikrima said that it is the surface of the earth. Mujahid said that al-Judi (11:44) is a mountain in Mesopotamia. "Da'b" (40:31) is "like the state."
V: The words of Allah Almighty, "We sent Noah to his People: 'Warn your people before a painful punishment comes to them ...." (71:1 to the end of the sura)
"Recite to them the story of Nuh when he said to his people, 'O my people! If my standing here and reminding you of Allah's Signs has become too much for you to bear, know that I have put my trust in Allah. So decide, you and your gods, on what you want to do and be open about it. Do with me whatever you decide and do not keep me waiting. If you turn your backs, I have not asked you for any wage. My wage is with Allah alone. I am commanded to be one of the Muslims.'" (10:71-72)
3159. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood up among the people and praised Allah as He deserved and then mentioned the Dajjal. He said, 'I warn you of him, and there is no Prophet who has not warned his people of him. Nuh warned his people, but I say to you about him something which no Allah has said to his people. You should know that he is one-eyed, and that Allah is not one-eyed.'"
3160. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Shall I inform you of something about the Dajjal of which no Prophet has informed his community? He is one-eyed. He will bring with him likenesses of the Garden and the Fire. What he says is the Garden is, in fact, the Fire.I warn you as Nuh warned his people."
3161. It is related that Abu Sa'id said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Nuh and his community will be brought and Allah Almighty will say, 'Did you convey it?' He will say, 'Yes, O Lord.' He will say to his commmunity, 'Did he convey it to you?' They will reply, 'No, no Prophet came to us.' He will say to Nuh, 'Who will testify on your behalf?' He will say, 'Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his community.' So he will testify that he conveyed it. That is His words, may His mention be exalted!: 'Hence We have made you a middlemost community, so that you may act as witnesses against mankind,' (2:143)" The "middlemost" is fair.
3162. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "We were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, responding to an invitation. He picked up the leg, which he liked, and ate some of it. He said, 'I will be the master of people on the Day of Rising. Do you know what that will entail? Allah will gather the first and the last on the same plain so that an observer will be able to see them, and some people will say, 'Do you not see what a state you are in and what has come to you? Why do you not look for someone to intercede with your Lord on your behalf?' Some people will say, 'Your father Adam!' They will come to him and say, 'O Adam! You are the father of mankind. Allah created you with His hand and breathed some of His spirit into you and He ordered the angels to prostrate to you. He made you dwell in the Garden. Will you not intercede with your Lord on our behalf? Do you not see what we are suffering and what has happened to us?' He will say, 'My Lord is angry today with such anger as has never existed before nor will again. He forbade me the Tree and I disobeyed. O my soul! My soul! My soul! Go to someone else. Go to Nuh.'
"They will go to Nuh and say, 'O Nuh! You are the first of the Messengers to be sent to the people of the earth and Allah called you a thankful slave. Do you not see what we are suffering and what has happened to us?' Will you not intercede with your Lord on our behalf?' He will say, 'My Lord is angry today with such anger as has never existed before nor will again. O my soul! My soul! My soul! Go to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.' They will come to me and I will prostrate under the Throne. It will be said, 'O Muhammad! Lift your head. Intercede and your intercession will be granted, Ask and you will be given.'"
Muhammad ibn 'Ubayd said, "I do not remember the rest of it."
3163. It is related from 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recited, "But is there any rememberer there?" (54:15) as in the normal reading.
VI: Chapter
"And Ilyas was one of the Messengers. When he said to his people, 'Will you not be godfearing? Do you call on Baal and abandon the Best of Creators? Allah is your Lord and Lord of your forefathers, the earlier peoples.' They denied him and so they will be among the arraigned. Except for Allah's chosen slaves. We left the later people saying of him, Peace be upon the family of Yasin!' That is how We recompense all good-doers. He truly was one of Our believing slaves." (37:123-132)
It is mentioned from Ibn Mas'ud and Ibn 'Abbas that Ilyas was Idris.
VII: Concerning Idris, peace be upon him
He is the grandfather of Nuh's father, and it is said that he was the grandfather of Nuh, peace be upon them both
The words of Allah Almighty, "We raised him up to a high place." (19:57)
3164. It is related that Anas said that Abu Dharr used to relate that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "During the time that I was in Makka, the roof of my house was opened up and Jibril descended and opened up my breast, washing it with Zamzam water. Then he brought a gold basin filled with wisdom and belief. He poured it into my breast and then closed it. Then he took my hand and took me up to the lowest heaven. When I reached the lowest heaven, Jibril said to the keeper of the heaven, 'Open!' He asked, 'Who is this?' He replied, 'This is Jibril.' He asked, 'Is anyone with you?' He said, 'Yes, Muhammad is with me.' He asked, 'Has he been sent for?' He said, 'Yes, so open!.'
"When the way opened we climbed above the lowest heaven and found a man sitting there, with people on his right and people on his left. When he looked to his right, he laughed, and when he looked to his left, he wept. He said, 'Welcome to the virtuous Prophet and virtuous son.' I said to Jibril, 'Who is this?' He said, 'This is Adam and these people on his right and his left are the souls of his descendants. The people on the right are the people of the Garden and the people who are on his left are the people of the Fire. When he looks to his right, he laughs and when he looks to his left, he weeps.' Then he took me up to the second heaven and said to its keeper, 'Open.' Its keeper said to him the same as the first one had said and then made the way open."
Anas said that he (the Prophet) mentioned that in the heavens he found Adam, Idris, Musa, 'Isa, and Ibrahim, blessings be upon them. He did not specify their positions, except for mentioning that he found Adam in the lowest heaven and Ibrahim in the sixth heaven.
Anas said, "When Jibril together with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by Idris, he said, 'Welcome to the virtuous Prophet and virtuous brother!' I said, 'Who is this?' He said, 'This is Idris.' Then I passed by Musa and he said, 'Welcome to the virtuous Prophet and virtuous brother!' I asked, 'Who is this?' He replied, 'This is Musa.' Then I passed by 'Isa and he said, 'Welcome to the virtuous brother and virtuous Prophet!' I said, 'Who is this?' He answered, 'This is 'Isa.' Then I passed by Ibrahim and he said, 'Welcome to the virtuous Prophet and virtuous son!' I said, 'Who is this?' He said, 'This is Ibrahim.'"
It is reported that Ibn 'Abbas and Abu Habba al-Ansari used to say that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Then I was taken up until I appeared on a high plateau where I heard the scratching of pens."
Ibn Hazm and Anas ibn Malik said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah prescribed fifty prayers for my community and I returned with that until I passed by Musa. He said, 'What has Allah prescribed to you for your community?' I said, 'He has prescribed fifty prayers.`" He said, 'Go back to your Lord. Your community will not be able to manage that.' He made me go back and He reduced it to half. Then I returned to Musa and I said, 'He reduced them to half.' He said, 'Go back to your Lord. Your community will not be able to manage that.' I returned and He halved them again and I returned to him. He said, 'Go back to your Lord. Your community will not be able to manage that.' I returned to Him and He said, "'They are five and they are fifty. My word does not change.' I went back to Musa and he said, 'Return to your Lord. I said, 'I am too embarassed before my Lord.' Then he took me on until he brought me to the Lote-tree of the Boundary which was covered in colours which I did not recognise. Then I was brought into the Garden and in it were strings of pearls and its earth was made of musk."
VIII: The words of Allah Almighty, "And to 'Ad their brother Hud who said, 'O my people, worship Allah!'" (7:65) and His words, "When he warned his people by the sand-dunes – to His words - Thus do We repay the people of the evil-doers!" (46:21-25)
In it is 'A'isha from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
The words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, "'Ad were destroyed by a savage howling wind." Ibn 'Uyayna said that it was too strong for its guardian angels. "Allah subjected them to it for seven whole nights and eight whole days without a break. You could see the people flattened in their homes just like the hollow stumps of uprooted palms. Do you see any remnant of them left?"(69:6-8)
3165. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I was helped to victory by the east wind and 'Ad was destroyed by the west wind."
3166.It is related that Abu Sa'id said, "'Ali sent the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, a piece of gold and he divided between two people: al-Aqra' ibn Habis al-Hanzali al-Mujashi'i, 'Utba ibn Badr al-Fazari, Zayd at-Ta'i (then one of the Banu Nabhan), and 'Alqama ibn 'Ulatha al-'Amiri (then of the Banu Kilab). Quraysh and the Ansar became angry and said, 'He gives to the chiefs of Najd and leaves us out!' He said, 'I am reconciling them.' Then a man with sunken eyes, high cheeks, raised forehead, thick beard and shaven head came forward said, 'Fear Allah, O Muhammad!' He said, 'Who would obey Allah if I were to disobey Him? When Allah has entrusted me over the people of the earth, do you not trust me?' A man - whom I think was Khalid ibn al-Walid - asked to kill him, but he prevented him. When he turned away, he said, 'Among the offspring of this one - or among the descendants of this one - will be a people who will recite the Qur'an, but it will not go beyond their throats. They will leave the deen like the arrow passes through game, They will kill the people of Islam and leave the idolaters alone. If I were to reach them, then I would kill them as 'Ad was killed.'"
3167. It is related from 'Abdullah said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recite, 'But is there any rememberer there?"'" (54:15)
IX: The story of Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog)
The words of Allah Almighty, "They will ask you about Dhu'l-Qarnayn. Say: 'I will relate an account of him to you. We gave him power and authority on the earth and granted him a way to everything. So he followed a way - to His words - 'Bring me ingots of iron!' (one is a zubra, They are pieces) Then, when he had made it level between the two high mountain-sides. (Ibn 'Abbas says that it is two mountains. Saddayn are two mountains and kharjan is payment.) He said, 'Blow (with your bellows)" When he had made it a red hot fire, he said, 'Bring me molten brass to pour on it.' (This is said to lead or iron or brass. Ibn 'Abbas said that it is copper.) They were, therefore, unable to climb over it (to get over it. Asta'a is Form X (istaf'ala) from 'to have the power for (tâ') That is why it takes the fatha as asta'a, yastî', although some say astatâ', yastatî') or to dig through it.) He said, 'This is a mercy from my Lord: But when my Lord's promise comes about, He will crush it flat ( so that it is flat on the earth. The camel which is dakka' is the one with no hump, and the term applies to the earth similarly so that it is the solid and thick earth.) The promise of my Lord is surely true.' We will abandon them, that Day, to pound against each other in surging waves." (18:83-99)
And "When Yajuj and Majuj are let loose and rush down from every slope." (21:96)
Qatada said that "hadab" is a hill. A man said to the Prophet*, "I have seen the mountain which is like the lined cloak." He said, "You have seen it."
3168. It is related from Zaynab bint Jahsh is that once the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came in to her while he was upset and said, "There is no god but Allah. Woe to the Arabs from an evil which is drawing near! An opening has been made in the wall of Ya'juj and Ma'juj like this," and he made a circle with his thumb and forefinger." Zaynab bint Jahsh said, "I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, will we be destroyed when the righteous are among us?' He said, 'Yes, if there is a lot of wickedness.'"
3169. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "An opening has been made in the wall of Ya'juj and Ma'juj like this," and he made his hand represent ninety.
3170. It is related from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah Almighty will say, 'O Adam!' He will say, 'At Your service and obedience, and good is in Your hand.' He will say, 'Bring out the people of the Fire.' He will say, 'How many are the people of the Fire?' He will say, 'Nine hundred and ninety-nine out of every thousand.' At that time the child will become white-haired and 'every pregnant woman will abort the contents of her womb, and you will think people drunk when they are not drunk, it is just that the punishment of Allah is so severe.' (22:2) They said, 'O Messenger of Allah! Who is that one!' He said, 'Rejoice, there is one man from among you and one thousand from Ya'juj and Ma'juj.' Then he said, 'By the One who has my soul in His hand, I hope that you will be a quarter of the people of the Garden.' We said, 'Allah is greater!' He said, 'I hope that you will be a third of the people of the Garden.' We said, 'Allah is greater!' He said, 'I hope that you will be half of the people of the Garden.' We said, 'Allah is greater!' He said, ' Among people you are only like a black hair on the hide of a white ox, or like a white hair on the hide of a black ox.'"
X: The words of Allah Almighty, "Allah took Ibrahim as an intimate friend" (4:125) and His words, "Ibrahim was in himself a nation, exemplary, obedient to Allah," (16:125) and His words, "Ibrahim was tender-hearted and forbearing." (9:114)
Abu Maysara said that rahîm is an Abyssinian word.
3171. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "You will be gathered to Allah Almighty barefoot, naked and uncircumcised. 'As We originated the first creation so We will regenerate it. It is a promise binding on Us. That is what We will do.' (21: 103) The first of creatures to be clothed on the Day of Rising will be Ibrahim. People of my community will come and will be taken to the left. I will say, 'O Lord, my Companions! my Companions!' and it will be said, 'They never stopped turning back on their heels from the time you left them.' I will say the same as the righteous slave ('Isa) said, ''I was a witness against them as long as I remained among them" to "You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.' (5:117-118)"
3172. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim will meet his father Azar on the Day of Rising, and darkness and dust will be on the face of Azar. Ibrahim will say to him, 'Did I not tell you not to disobey me?' His father will say, 'Today I will not disobey you.' Ibrahim will say, 'O Lord, You promised me that You would not disagrace me on the Day when they are raised up! What disgrace is greater than that of my father being far from mercy!' Allah Almighty will say, 'I have made the Garden unlawful for the unbelievers.' Then it will be said, 'O Ibrahim! What is under your feet?' He will look and there will be a blood-stained hyena which will be taken by the legs and thrown into the Fire."
3173. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered the House and in it he found an image of Ibrahim and an image of Maryam. He stated, 'What is wrong with them? They have heard that angels do not enter a house with an image. This is Ibrahim depicted and why is he practising divination with arrows?'"
3174. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that when the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw the pictures in the House, he did not enter it until he had commanded that they be effaced. He saw Ibrahim and Isma'il holding divining arrows in their hands. He said, "Allah curse them! By Allah, they know that neither of them ever used divining arrows."
3175. It is related from Abu Hurayra that it was asked, "Messenger of Allah, who is the noblest of people?" He replied, "The one with the most fear of Allah." They said, "This is not what we meant." He said, "Yusuf, the Prophet of Allah, son of a Prophet of Allah, son of a Prophet of Allah, son of the Friend of Allah." They said, "This is not what we meant either." He said, "Is it then about the Arabs that you asking? The best of them in the Time of Ignorance is the best of them in Islam when they have knowledge (of the deen)."
Another isnad from Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
3176. It is related that Samura said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Two people came to me in the night and took me to a tall man who was so tall that I almost could not see his head. It was Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant him peace."
3177. It is related that Mujahid said that he heard Ibn 'Abbas when they mentioned that the Dajjal has "Kafir" (unbeliever) or "Kaf-Fa'-Ra'" written between his eyes.' He, "I did not hear that, but I did hear him say, 'As for Ibrahim, look at your Companion, and Musa had curly hair and brownish skin. He used to ride a red camel with reins of fibre. It is as if I could visualise Musa descending into the valley.'"
3178. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was circumcised with an adz when he was eighty."
"With an adz" is related from Abu'z-Zinad. It is corroborated by 'Ajlan from Abu Hurayra. Muhammad ibn Amr related it from Abu Salama
3179. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim only lied three times."
It is related from Abu Hurayra that said, "Ibrahim, peace be upon him, only told three lies, two were for the sake of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, when He said, 'I am sick' and 'The bigges tof them did it.'" He said, "While he was with Sara, he went by one of the tyrants who was told, 'Here is a man with a woman who was one of the most beautiful. He sent a message to him to ask about her, 'Who is this woman?' He said, 'My sister.' He went to Sara and said, 'O Sara, there are no believers on the earth except me and you. This one has asked me and I have told him that you are my sister. Do not contradict what I have said.' He sent for her and when she went to him, he tried to take hold of her with his hand and he had a seizure. He said, 'Pray to Allah and I will not harm you.' She prayed to Allah and he was released and then he tried to take her a second time and had a similar seizure, or worse still. He said, 'Pray to Allah and I will not harm you.' She prayed to Allah and he was released. He summoned one his chamberlains and said, 'By Allah, you have not brought me a human being. You have only brought me a devil!' He gave her Hajar as a servant. She returned to him while he was praying and he made a questioning gesture. She said, 'Allah has turned foiled the scheme of the unbeliever or the reprobate and given Hajar as a servant'"
Abu Hurayra said, "That was your mother, O Banu Ma's-sama' (i.e. the Arabs)!"
3180. It is related from Umm Sharik is that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded that geckos be killed, saying, "It blew on Ibrahim's fire, peace be upon him."
3181. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "When the words of Allah were revealed, 'Those who believe and do not mix up their faith with any wrongdoing,' (6:82) we asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, who among us has not wronged himself?' He answered, 'It is not as you say, "Do not mix up their faith with any wrongdoin'" is shirk. Have you not heard what Luqman said to his son? "O my son! Do not associate anything with Allah. Associating others with Him (shirk) is a terrible wrong."'" (31:13)
XI: "Rushing back" (37:94) is to walk quickly
3182. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "One day the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given some meat and he said, 'On the Day of Rising Allah will gather the first and the last on the same plain so that a speaker make them hear and an observer will be able to see them. The sun will be brought near to them' - and he mentioned the hadith of intercession - 'They will go to Ibrahim and say, 'O Ibrahim! You are the Prophet of Allah and His close friend among the people of the earth. Intercede with your Lord on our behalf,' and he will mention his lies and say, "O my soul! My soul! My soul! Go to Musa."'"
3183. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May Allah have mercy on the mother of Isma'il. If she had not hastened, Zamzam would have become a running stream."
3184. It is related that Sa'id ibn Jubayr said, "That is not how Ibn 'Abbas related it to me. He said, 'Ibrahim brought the mother of Isma'il and her son, Isma'il, whom she was nursing, and she had a water-skin with her.' He did not make it marfu'. 'Then Ibrahim took her and her son Isma'il...'"
3185. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The first woman to use a girdle was the mother of Isma'il. She used a girdle to hide her tracks from Sara. Then Ibrahim brought her and her son, Isma'il, whom she was nursing and put her near the House by a tall tree above Zamzam in the upper part of the mosque. At that time no one lived in Makka and there was no water there. He put them there and left with her a bag with some dates in it and a waterskin with some water in it. Then Ibrahim returned the way he had come. Isma'il's mother followed him and said, 'O Ibrahim! Where are you going, leaving us in this valley in which there are no people or anything else?' She said that to him several times but he did not turn to her. She said to him, 'Has Allah commanded you to do this?' He answered, 'Yes.' She said, 'Then He will not let us come to harm,' and went back. Ibrahim went on until he reached ath-Thaniyya where they could not see him. He turned to face the House and then made a supplication with these words. He raised his hands and said, 'O our Lord, I have settled some of my offspring in an uncultivated valley . . .to . . .so that hopefully they may will thankful.' (14:37-39) Isma'il's mother began to suckle him and drink from the water until the water in the skin had run out. She was thirsty and her son was thirsty. She looked at him twisting about" - or he said, "rolling on the ground" - "and then walked away, not wanting to look at him. Safa was the nearest hill to her and she climbed up it and then looked around the valley to see if there was anyone there. She could not see anyone and descended from Safa until she reached the valley. Then she lifted the edge of her skirt and ran as an overwrought person runs until she had crossed the valley. Then she came to Marwa and stood on it and looked to see whether there was anyone there. She could not see anyone. She did that seven times." Ibn 'Abbas said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "That is why people run between them." "Then, on Marwa, when she looked she heard a voice and said, 'Listen!' trying to hear. Then she listened and heard and said, 'I have heard if You possess any relief.' Suddenly there was an angel at the site of Zamzam. He struck the ground with his heel - or his wing - until water appeared. She made a container with her hands, like this, and began to scoop up the water into her waterskin and it bubbled up each time she scooped."
Ibn 'Abbas said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May Allah have mercy on the mother of Isma'il. If she had left Zamzam" - or he said, "If she had not scooped up the water" - "Zamzam would have begun as a running stream." He said, "She drank and suckled her son and the angel said to her, 'Do not be afraid of perishing. This boy and his father will build a house here for Allah. Allah will not let its people perish. The house was higher than the land around it, like on a hill to which floods come and then go to the right and left of it. She remained like that until a group of the Jurhum, or people from a clan of Jurhum, coming by way of Kada' alighted at the bottom of Makka and saw birds circling round and said, 'These birds are circling around water. We are familiar with this valley and there is no water in it.' They sent one or two scouts and when they found the water, they returned and told them. They advanced and found Isma'il's mother at the water. They said, 'Will you give us permission to alight here with you?' She said, 'Yes, but you have no right to the water.' They said, 'Yes.'"
Ibn 'Abbas said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "This happened to Isma'il's mother because she desired human companionship. They alighted and sent for their families and settled there with them so that they became people with houses. The boy grew up and learned Arabic from them. As a youth, he was the dearest and most admired of them. When he came of age, he married a woman from among them. Isma'il's mother died and Ibrahim came after Isma'il had married to look for something he had left behind. He did not find Isma'il at home. He asked his wife about him and she said, 'He has gone out to look for food for us.' Then he asked about their life and circumstances. She said, 'We are in a very bad way. We are suffering constriction and hardship,' and she complained to him. He said, 'When your husband comes, greet him from me and tell him to change his door lintel.' When Isma'il came, it was as if he sensed something and he said, 'Did someone come?' She said, 'Yes, such-and-such an old man came and he asked about you and I told him. He asked me about our life and I told him that we were suffering difficulty and hardship.' He said, 'Did he give you any advice?' She said, 'Yes. He told me to give you greetings and to say: "Change the lintel of your door."' He said, 'That was my father and he has commanded that I separate from you. Go back to your family.' So he divorced her and married another woman from them. Ibrahim remained away from them as long as Allah wished and then he visited them again and did not find him at home. He visited his wife and asked about him and she said, 'He has gone out looking for food for us.' He said, 'How are you?' and he asked her about their life and circumstances. She said, 'We are well,' and she praised Allah Almighty. He said, 'What is your food?' She said, 'Meat.' He said, 'What is your drink?' She said, 'Water.' He said, 'O Allah, bless them in their meat and water.'" The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "At that time they did not have grain. If they had had it, he would have prayed for them in respect of it as well." He said, "This is why no one except the people of Makka can manage with these two alone when they do not agree with other people.'"
"He said, 'When your husband comes, give him the greeting and tell him to strengthen the lintel of his door.' When Isma'il came, he said, 'Did someone come to you?' She said, 'Yes, an old man of handsome appearance came to us,' and she praised him. 'He asked me about you and I told him and he asked me how our life was and I told him that we were well.' He said, 'Did he give you any advice?' She said, 'Yes, he gave you the greeting and told you to strengthen the lintel of your door.' He said, 'That was my father. You are the lintel. He told me to keep you.' Then he remained away from them for as long as Allah wished. Then he came after that one day while Isma'il was sharpening his arrows under a large tree near Zamzam. When he saw him, he went to him and did as a father does with a son and a son with a father. He said, 'Isma'il, Allah has given me a command.' He said, 'Do what Allah has commanded you.' He said, 'Will you help me.'.He said, 'I will help you.' He said, 'Allah has commanded me to build a house here,' and he pointed at a mound which was higher than the surrounding land. In that place he laid the foundations of the House. Isma'il began to bring stones and Ibrahim laid them until the structure reached a certain height. Then he brought a stone and placed it for him and he stood on it, building, while Isma'il passed up the stones to him. They were saying, 'Our Lord! Accept this from us: for You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.'" (2:127) He said, "They went on building until they had gone around the House saying, 'Our Lord! Accept this from us: for You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.'"
3185. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "When Ibrahim and his wife had the differences they had, he went out with Isma'il and Isma'il's mother with a waterskin, containing some water. Isma'il's mother began to drink from the waterskin and suckled her child until he reached Makka where he placed her under a large tree. Then Ibrahim left to return to his family. Isma'il's mother followed him until they reached Kada', when she called out behind him, 'O Ibrahim! With whom are you leaving us?' He said, 'With Allah.' She said, 'I am satisfied with Allah,' and she went back and began to drink from the waterskin and nurse her child until the water was finished. She said, 'If I go and look perhaps I will find someone.'" He said, "She went and climbed Safa and looked and looked to see whether she could find someone, but she did not see anyone. When she reached the valley, she ran and came to Marwa. She did that several times. Then she said, 'I should go and see what is happening with the child.' She went and looked and there he was in the same condition as if he was gasping at the brink of death. She could not contain herself and said, 'If I go and look perhaps I will find someone.' She went and climbed Safa and looked and looked but did not see anyone, until she had done that seven times. Then she had just said, 'I should go and look and see what is happening with him,' when she heard a voice. She said, 'Help me, if You possess any good!' Then Jibril appeared and dug his heel into the earth ( he said, "Like this with his heel.") and water began to spring up. Isma'il's mother was astonished and began to dig."
He said that Abu'l-Qasim, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If she had left it, it would have been flowing water." He said, "She began to drink the water and give her milk to her child." He said, "Some people of the Jurhum passed through the bottom of the valley and saw birds there and did not recognise that, They said, 'These birds are only where there is water.' They sent a messenger and looked and there was water. They went to them and informed them. They went to her and said, 'Mother of Isma'il, will you give us permission to be with you - or live with you?' Her son grew up and marriage one of their women. Then it occurred to Ibrahim and he said to his wife, 'I will see my descendants.'"
He said, "He came and greeted and said, 'Where is Isma'il?' His wife said, 'He has gone hunting.' He said, 'When he comes, tell him to change his door lintel.' When he came, she told him He said, 'You are that. Go to your family.'"
Then he said, Then a thought occurred to Ibrahim and he told his wife, 'I will see my descendants.'"
He said, "He came and greeted and asked, 'Where is Isma'il?' His wife replied, 'He has gone hunting.' She said, 'Will you not alight and eat and drink?' He asked, 'What is your food and what is your drink?' She said, 'Our food is meat and our drink is water.' He said, 'O Allah, bless them in their food and drink.'" He said that Abu'l-Qasim said, "That is the blessing of the supplication of Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant him peace."
Then he said, "Then a thought again occurred to Ibrahim and he said to his wife, 'I will see my descendants.' So he came while Isma'il was sharpening his arrows behind Zamzam. When he saw him, he went to him and did as a father does with a son and a son with a father. He said, 'Isma'il, your Lord has given me a command. to buils Him a house' He said, 'Obey your Lord.' He said, 'He has commanded that you help me do it.'.He said, 'Then I will do so,' or words to that effect." He said, "They got up and Ibrahim began to build while Isma'il was passing him the stones, aand they were saying, 'Our Lord! Accept this from us: for You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.'" (2:127) He said, "When the building was high and the old man was too weak to shift the stones, he stood on the rock of the Maqam, and he continued to the pass the stones to him, while they were saying, 'Our Lord! Accept this from us: for You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.'"
3186. It is related that Abu Dharr said, "I asked, 'Messenger of Allah, which was the first mosque built on the earth?' He replied, 'The Masjid al-Haram.' 'I said, 'Then which one?' He answered, 'The Masjid al-Aqsa.' I asked, 'How long was there between them?' He said, 'Forty years.' Then he said, 'Whenever the prayer comes when you are there at its time, pray it. There is excellence in it [in doing it at its time].'"
3187. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that when Uhud could be seen before him, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "This is a mountain that loves us and we love it. O Allah, Ibrahim made Makka inviolable and I make Madina inviolable between its two lava-beds."
3188. It is related from 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to her, "Do you not know that when your people rebuilt the Ka'ba, they made it smaller in area than the original foundations of Ibrahim?" [She said,] "So I said, 'Messenger of Allah, why then do you not rebuild it again on the foundations of Ibrahim?' He said, 'If it had not been that your people were only recently unbelievers, I would have done that.'"
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "'A'isha heard this from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. I believe that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, only omitted to touch the two corners opposite al-Hijr because it was not completed on the foundations of Ibrahim."
Isma'il said, "'Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr."
3189. It is reported from Abu Humayd as-Sa'idi £ that they said, "'O Messenger of Allah, how should we bless you?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Say, "O Allah, bless Muhammad and his wives and descendants as You blessed Ibrahim. Grant blessing to Muhammad and his wives and descendants as You granted blessing to Ibrahim. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious."'"
3190. It is related that 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Abi Layla said, "Ka'b ibn 'Ujra met me and said, 'Shall I made you a present of what I heard from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?' I said, 'Yes indeed, give it to me.' He said, 'We asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, "O Messenger of Allah, what is the prayer on you, the people of the House? Allah has already informed us how to bless you." He said, 'Say, "O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You blessed the family of Ibrahim. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious. O Allah, grant blessing to Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You granted blessing to the family of Ibrahim. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious."'"
3191. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to seek refuge for al-Hasan and al-Husayn. He said, 'Your forefather used to seek refuge with it for Isma'il and Ishaq: I seek refuge with the perfect words of Allah from every Shaytan and poisonous insect and from every envious eye.'"
XII: The words of the Mighty and Majestic, "Tell them about the guests of Ibrahim," (15:51) and His words, "But so that my heart may be at peace." (2:260)
3192. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "We are more likely to doubt than Ibrahim when he said, 'My Lord! Show me how You bring the dead to life.' He asked, 'Do you not then believe?' He replied, 'Indeed I do! But so that my heart may be at peace.' (2:260) May Allah show mercy to Lut! He wished to have refuge in a strong pillar, and if I were to remain in prison as long Yusuf did, I would have accepted the offer."
XIII: The words of Allah Almighty, "Mention Isma'il in the Book. He was true to His promise." (19:54)
3193. It is related that Salama ibn al-Akwa' said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by a group of Aslam who were shooting against one another and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Shoot, Banu Isma'il! Your ancestor was an archer. Shoot, and I am with the the Banu so-and-so.' So one of the two parties stopped shooting, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'What are you not shooting?' They said, 'How can we shoot when you are with them?' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Shoot, and I am with all of you.'"
XIV: The story of Ishaq, son of Ibrahim, peace be upon them both
In it is 'Umar and Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. (see 3175, 3202)
XV: "Or were you present when death came to Ya'qub and he said to his sons, 'What will you worship when I have gone?' They said, 'We will worship your God, the God of your forefathers, Ibrahim and Isma'il and Ishaq – one God. We are Muslims submitting to Him.'" (2:133)
3194. It is related from Abu Hurayra that it was asked, "Messenger of Allah, who is the noblest of people?" He replied, "The one with the most fear of Allah." They said, "This is not what we meant." He said, "Yusuf, the Prophet of Allah, son of a Prophet of Allah, son of a Prophet of Allah, son of the Friend of Allah." They said, "This is not what we meant either." He said, "Is it then about the Arabs that you asking? The best of them in the Time of Ignorance is the best of them in Islam when they have knowledge (of the deen)."
XVI: CHAPTER:
"And Lut when he said to his people: 'Do you approach depravity with open eyes? Do you come with lust to men instead of women? You are a people who are deeply ignorant.' The only response of his people was to say: 'Drive the the family of Lut out of your city! They are people who keep themselves pure!' So We rescued him and his family - except for his wife. We had ordained her to be one of those who stayed behind. We rained down a rain upon them. How evil is the rain of those who are warned!" (27:54-58)
3195. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May Allah show mercy to Lut! He wished to have refuge in a strong pillar."
XVII: "When the Messengers came to the family of Lut, he said, 'You are people we do not know.'" (15:61-62)
"Bi-ruknihi" (51:39) is with those who were with him because they were his strength. "Tarkanü" (11:113) is to incline. Ankara, nakira and istankara (cf. 11:7) ar the same. "Yuhra'ûna" (11:78) means to hurry. Dâbir" (15:66) means last. "Sayha" (36:29) is their destruction. "Li-mutawassimin" (15:75) refers to those who are looking on. "Li-sabîl" (15:76) on the road.
3196. It is related from 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recited, "But is there any rememberer there?" (54:15)
XVIII: "To Thamud We sent Salih." (11:61)
"The people of al-Hijr also rejected" (15:80) refers the loccation of Thamud. "Crops are taboo (hijr)" (6:138) is unlawful. All that is prohibited is hijr, majhûr. A hijr is anything which you build. That which you enclose of the earth is called hijr, and part of that is that the wall (hatîm) of the Ka'ba is called hijr, as if it were derived from mahtûm like qatîl is from maqtûl. One also calls a mare hijr, and one refers to the intellect as hijr and hija. Hajr al-Yamana is a place.
3197. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn Zam'a said, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mentioned the hamstringing of the she-camel and he said, 'A man was delegated for it who had might and power among his people, like Abu Zam'a.'"
3198. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stopped at al-Hijr during the Tabuk expedition, he commanded that they not drink from its well nor take water from it. They said, "We have kneaded bread with it and taken water." He commanded them to throw away that dough and to pour out that water.
It is related from Sabra ibn Ma'bad adn Abu'sh-Shamus that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded that the food be discarded. Abu Dharr said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "And anyone who has kneaded bread with its water."
3199. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that some people camped with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the land of Thamud, al-Hijr. They took water from its well and kneaded bread with it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded them to pour out the water they had taken from its well and to feed the dough to the camels. He commanded them to take water from the well where the she-camel had watered."
3200. It is related from 'Abdullah that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by al-Hijr, he said, "Do not enter places of people who wronged themselves unless you are weeping lest what befell them befalls you." Then he covered himself in his cloak while he was mounted.
3201. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not enter places of people who wronged themselves unless you are weeping lest what befell them befalls you."
XIX: "Or were you present when death came to Ya'qub?" (2:133)
3202. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The noble son of the noble son of the noble son of the noble was Yusuf ibn Ya'qub ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, peace be upon them."
XX: "In Yusuf and his brothers there are Signs for every one of those who wants to ask." (12:7)
3203. It is related from Abu Hurayra that it was asked, "Messenger of Allah, who is the noblest of people?" He replied, "The one with the most fear of Allah." They said, "This is not what we meant." He said, "Yusuf, the Prophet of Allah, son of a Prophet of Allah, son of a Prophet of Allah, son of the Friend of Allah." They said, "This is not what we meant either." He said, "Is it then about the origins of the Arabs that you asking? The best of them in the Time of Ignorance is the best of them in Islam when they have knowledge (of the deen)."
The like of this is related from Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
3204. It is related from 'A'isha that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to her, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer. He was told, "Abu Bakr is a tender-hearted man. If he stands in your place, he will weep." He repeated what he had said and she repeated what she had said. Shu'ba said that he said on the third or fourth time, "You are the companions of Yusuf! Tell Abu Bakr!"
3205. It is related that Abu Musa said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became ill and said, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer. 'A'isha said that Abu Bakr was a certain sort of man (i.e. tender-hearted). He said that like of what he had and said and she also said the like. He said, "Tell Abu Bakr, companions of Yusuf!" So Abu Bakr led the prayer during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
Husayn said from Za'ida, "A tender man."
3206. It is related from Abu Hurayra the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "O Allah, rescue 'Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'a! O Allah, rescue Salama ibn Hisham! O Allah, rescue al-Walid ibn al-Walid! O Allah, rescue all oppressed believers! O Allah, be hard on Mudar! O Allah, give them years of drought like the drought years of Yusuf!"
3207. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May Allah show mercy to Lut! He wished to have refuge in a strong pillar, and if I were to remain in prison as long Yusuf did, I would have accepted the offer."
3208. It is related that Masruq said, "I asked Umm Ruman, the mother of 'A'isha, about what said in what has said [i.e. the Lie]. She said, 'While I was sitting with 'A'isha, a woman of the Ansar came in saying, "May Allah do such-and-such to a certain person!"' She said, 'I said, "Why?" She said, "He has mentioned the tale." 'A'isha said, "What tale?" and she told her. She said, "Have Abu Bakr and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard it?" She said, "Yes." She fainted and went she came around, she had a fever and was shaking. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came and said, "What is this?" I said, "A fever which she has got on account a tale which is being talked about." She sat up and said, "If Allah, even if I were to swear to you, you would not believe me. Even I were to offer an excuse, you would not excuse me. My example is like that of Ya'qub and his sons. 'It is Allah alone who is my Help in face of the event that you describe.' (12:18)" The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, left and then Allah sent down what He sent down and informed her. She said, "Praise belongs to Allah, but no praise to anyone else."'"
3209. It is related that 'Urwa asked 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "What do you think about His words, 'Then when the Messengers despaired and thought themselves denied.' (12:110) Or did they think that they were denied? She said, "Indeed their people actually denied them." I said, "By Allah, they were certain that their people had denied them, and it was not a suspicion?" She said, "O 'Urayya (little 'Urwa), they were certain of that. I said, "Or perhaps they thought that they denied?" She said, "I seek refuge with Allah! The Messengers do not suspect their Lord! This ayat," she said, "is about the followers of the Messengers who believed in their Lord and affirmed Him. The affliction lasted long for them and victory was delayed for them so that they gave up hope of those of their people who denied them and suspected that their followers had denied. Then the help of Allah came."
Abu 'Abdullah said that "they despaired" (12:80) is from Form VIII, from ya'isa. "Minhu" refers to Yusuf. In "No one despairs of solace (rawh) from Allah," (12:87) rawh means hope.
3210. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The noble son of the noble son of the noble son of the noble was Yusuf ibn Ya'qub ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, peace be upon them."
XXI: The words of Allah Almighty, "And Ayyub when he called out to his Lord, 'Great harm has afflicted me and You are the Most Merciful of the merciful.'" (21:83)
"Ikras" (38:42) means "to strike", and "yarkusüna" (21:12) is to run.
3211. It is related from Abu Hurayra is that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When Ayyub was bathing while naked, golden locusts began to fall on him and Ayyub began to collect them in his garment. His Lord called to him, 'O Ayyub! Have We not made you wealthy enough not to need what you see?' He said, 'Yes, indeed, by Your might, but I still need Your blessing!.'"
XXII: "Mention Musa in the Book. He was truly sincere and was a Messenger and a Prophet. We called out to him from the right hand side of the Mount and We brought him near in close communication.We endowed him with Our mercy, making his brother Harun a Prophet." (19:51-53)
Naji can be used for one, two or a group. It is said, "They held a conference in private (najiyyan)" (12:80) meaning they withdrew to speak privately. The plural is anjiya. "Talaqqaf" (7:117) means to swallow.
XXIII: "A man among Pharaoh's people who did believe, but kept his belief concealed, said, 'Are you going to kill a man for saying "My Lord is Allah" when he has brought you Clear Signs from your Lord. If he is telling a lie, his lie is on his own head. But if he is telling the truth, then some of what he is promising you will happen to you. Allah does not guide any unbridled inveterate liar." (40:28)
3212. It is related that 'A'isha said, "Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned to Khadija and his heart was quaking. She then took him to Waraqa ibn Nawfal, who had become Christian and read the Gospel in Arabic. Waraqa asked, 'What have you seen?' He told him and Waraqa said, 'This is the Namus [Jibril] which Allah sent to Musa. If I am still alive on that day, I will give you my strong support.'"
A namus is a secret confidant who tells what is hidden from others.
XXIV: The words of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, "Has the story of Musa not reached you? When he saw a fire and said to his family, 'Wait here. I can make out a fire. Maybe I will bring you a brand from it, or I will find guidance there.' Then when he reached it, a voice called out, 'Musa! I am your Lord. Take off your sandals. You are in the holy valley of Tuwa.'" (20:9:12)
"Anastu" (20:10) is to see.
Ibn 'Abbas said that muqaddas means blessed and Tuwa is the name of the valley. "Sirataha" (20:21) is its condition, 'nuha" (20:54) means piety. "Bi-malkihâ" (20:87) means in our control. "Hawa" (20:81) means to be wretched. "Farigh" (28:10) is only for the mention of Musa. "Rid'a" (28:34) is in order to confirm me. For a helper, one says mughith or mu'in. "Lay hold" (28:19) is yabtushu and yabtishu. "Taking counsel together" (28:20) is consulting one another. Jadhwa (28:29) is a thick piece of wood which has no flames. "Sa-nashaddu" (28:35) is: "we will help you". Whenever you strengthen something, you appoint a helper for it.
Someone else said that it was whenever someone cannot articulate a letter or there is some stuttering or stammering, it is a knot (on the tongue).
"Azri" (20:31) means my back. "Yushitakum" (20:61) means to destroy you. "Muthla" (20:63) is the feminine of amthal. He says, "with your deen." It is said that muthla is like amthal. "Assemble in ranks" (20:64) One says, "Have you gone to the row today?" meaning the place where you pray. "Awjasa" (20:67) is to experience fear. The waw is removed in khifa since there is a kasra on the kha'. "On the trunks of palm trees" (20:71) is on the trunks. "Khatbuka" (20:95) is your business, Misâs" (20:97) is the verbal noun of mâssa. "We will scatter it" (20:97) is to scatter it to the wind. Daha' (20:59) is heat. "Qussihi" (28:11) is to follow its track. It can also be relating words, as "We relate to you." (12:3) "'An junub" (28:11) is from a distance. One also says "'an janâba" and 'an ijtinâb."
Mujahid said that "'ala qadar" (20:40) means a promise, and Lâ taniya" (20:42) is: "do not become weak". "Makânan suwa" (20:58) means "equal between them". Yasaban" (20:77) is dry. "The ornaments of the people" (20:87) is their jewelry which they had borrowed from the people of Pharaoh, and "fa-qadhafnâhâ" (20:87) is to throw them, and "alqa" is to make. "Fa-nasiya" (20:88) means Musa has forgotten. They were saying, "He has lost the Lord." "It could not reply a word to them" (20:89) refers to the Calf.
3213. It is related from Malik ibn Sa'sa'a that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, told them about his Night Journey and said, "We reached the fifth heaven and there was Harun. He said, 'This is Harun, so greet him.' I greeted him and he returned it and then said, 'Welcome to a righteous brother and a a righteous Prophet!'
Thabit and 'Abbad ibn Abi 'Ali corroborated it from Anas from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
XXV: The words of Allah Almighty, "Has the story of Musa not reached you?" (9:20) and "Allah spoke directly to Musa." (4:164)
3214. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "On the Night I was taken on the Journey I saw Musa, a thin like one of the men of Shanu'a, and I saw 'Isa, a man of medium height with red complexion, as if he had stepped out of the baths. I am the closest of the children of Ibrahim in resemblance to him. Then I was brought two vessels, one containing milk and the other wine. He said, 'Drink whichever one you wish.' I took the milk and drank it. It was said, 'You have taken the natural form. If you had taken the wine, your community would have erred.'"
3215. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "No one should say that I am better than Yunus ibn Matta," ascribing him to his father. He mentioned the Night he was taken on the Journey and said, "Musa was a tall, brownish man, as if he were one of the men of Shanu'a." He said that 'Isa was a man of curly hair and medium height. He mentioned Malik and he mentioned the Dajjal.
3216. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to Madina and saw the Jews fasting the day of 'Ashura' and they said, 'This is a venerable day. This is the day when Allah rescued Musa and drowned the people of Pharaoh, so Musa fasted it out of gratitude to Allah.' He said, 'I have more right to Musa than you.' So he fasted it and commanded that it be fasted.'"
XXVI: The words of Allah Almighty:
"We set aside thirty nights for Musa and then completed them with ten, so the appointed time of his Lord was forty nights in all. Musa said to his brother Harun,'Be my deputy among my people. Keep order and do not follow the way of the corrupters.' When Musa came to Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said, 'My Lord, show me Yourself so that I may look at You! ' He said, 'You will not see Me, but look at the mountain. If it remains firm in its place, then you will see Me.' But when His Lord manifested Himself to the mountain, He crushed it flat and Musa fell unconscious to the ground. When he regained consciousness he said, 'Glory be to You! I turn in repentance to You and I am the first of the believers!'" (7:142-143)
One says, "dakka" meaning to shake something. "Fa-dukkatâ" (69:14) is used for crushed when He made the mountains like a single thing, as Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says, "the heavens and the earth were (dual) joined together," (21:30) and He did not use the feminine plural. Ratqan" is stuck together. "Ushribü" (2:93) is a dyed, soaked cloth.
Ibn 'Abbas said that "anbajast" (7:160) means to gush forth and "wa idh natafnâ'l-jabal" (7:161) is to raise.
3217. It is related from Abu Sa'id that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "On the Day of Rising, people will faint, and I will be the first to regain consciousness, and there will be Musa grasping one of the legs of the Throne. I do not know whether he came to before me, or if he was spared because of the unconsciousness of the Mount.'"
3218. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Were it not for the tribe of Israel, meat would not decay, and where it not for Hawwa', no woman would ever betray her husband."
XXVII: Tüfän for a flood (cf. 7:133)
One uses "Tufan" for widespread death. Lice are ticks which are like small mites. "Haqîq" (7:105) means deserving, and "suqita" (7:149) is that everyone who regrets, lit. 'falls into his hand'.
XXVIII: The story of al-Khidr with Musa, peace be upon both of them
3219. Ibn 'Abbas transmitted that he and Hurr ibn Qays ibn Hisn al-Fazari argued about Musa's companion. Ibn 'Abbas said that it was Khidr. Ubayy ibn Ka'b passed by them and Ibn 'Abbas called him over and said, "My companion and I are arguing about the companion of Musa whom Musa asked to meet. Did you hear the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mention him?" He said, "Yes, I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'While Musa was in a gathering of the Banu Isra'il, a man came to him and said, "Do you know of anyone who has more knowledge than you?" Musa said that he did not and then Allah revealed to Musa, "Indeed, Our slave Khidr has." Musa asked the way to find him and Allah gave him the fish as a sign and told Musa that wherever the fish was lost, he should return to that place and he would find Khidr there. He followed the track of the fish into the sea. Then Musa's servant said to him, "Do you see what has happened? When we went to find shelter at the rock, I forgot the fish. No one made me forget to remember it except Shaytan." [Musa said,] "This is the very thing that we were looking for!" So, following their footsteps, they retraced their route.(18:63-64) Then they found Khidr. [What happened further] Allah relates their affair in His Book.'"
3220. It is relate that Sa'id ibn Jubayr said, "I said to Ibn 'Abbas, "Nawf al-Bikali claims that Musa, the companion of al-Khidr was not Musa of the tribe of Israel, but was another Musa.' He said, 'The enemy of Allah has lied! Ubayy ibn Ka'b related to me from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Musa was speaking among the tribe of Israel when he was asked, 'Which person has the most knowledge.' He said, 'I do.' Allah rebuked him because he did not ascribe knowledge to Him. He said to him, 'Yes there is - a slave of Mine at the meeting of the two seas knows more than you.' He said, 'O Lord! Who will let me see him?' (Sufyan said, 'O Lord, how can I meet him?' He said, 'Take a fish and put it in a basket. When you lose the fish, he will be there. (He might have said, 'He will be at that place.') So he took a fish and put it in a basket and then went with his servant, Yusha' ibn Nun, until they came to the rock and laid down their heads. Musa slept, and the fish moved and came out and fell into the sea, 'and found its way into the sea in an amazing way.' Allah keep the water from flowing over the fish and it became like an arch. (He said, 'An arch like this.') They continued to walk for the rest of the night and the following day until in the morning he said to his boy, 'Bring us our morning meal. This journey of ours has made us very tired.' Musa did not fell tired until he has gone beyond the place that Allah had commanded. His boy said to him, 'Do you see what has happened? When we went to find shelter at the rock, I forgot the fish. No one made me forget to remember it except Shaytan. It found its way into the sea in an amazing way.' So the fish had taken a course which had amazed them. Musa said to him, "This is the very thing that we were looking for!" So, following their footsteps, they retraced their route' until they reached the rock. There was a man covered in a garment. Musa greeted him and he returned the greeting and said, 'How is the greeting in your land?' He said, 'I am Musa.' He said, 'Musa of the tribe of Israel?' He replied, 'Yes, I have come to you so that you might teach me some of the right guidance which you have been taught.' He said, 'O Musa, I have a knowledge from the knowledge of Allah which He has taught me and you do not know, and you have a knowledge from the Allah of Allah which He has taught you and I do not know,' He asked, 'May I follow you?' He said, 'You will not be able to bear with me. How indeed could you bear patiently something you have not encompassed in your knowledge?' Musa said, 'You will find me patient, if Allah wills, and I will not disobey you in any matter.'
"''They continued to walk along the seacoast and they passed by a ship. They asked them to carry them and they recognised al-Khidr and carried them for free. When they had embarked in the ship, a sparrow came and alighted on the edge of the ship and dipped its beck into the sea once or twice. Al-Khidr said to Musa, 'O Musa, my knowledge and your knowledge have only decreased the knowledge of Allah the like of what this sparrow has decreased the sea with its beck.' Then he took an axe and removed a plank.'" He said, "Musa did not notice until he had pulled up the plank with the adze. Musa said to him, 'What have you done? Some people carry us for free and you stave it in so that its owners will be drowned? It is truly a dreadful thing that you have done! He said, 'Did I not say that you would not be able to bear with me?' He said, 'Do not take me to task because I forgot. Do not demand of me something too difficult.' So the first was due to forgetfulness on the part of Musa.
"'"When they left the sea, they passed by a boy who was playing with the children. Al-Khidr grabbed his head and plucked it with his hand like this. (Sufyan made a gesture with the fingers of his hand as if he were plucking something.) Musa said to him, 'Have you killed a boy who has done no wrong, without it being in retaliation for someone else? It is truly an appalling thing that you have done!' He answered, 'Did I not say to you that you would not be able to bear with me?' He said, 'If I ask you about anything after this, then you should no longer keep me company. You will have had excuse enough from me.' So they continued until they reached the inhabitants of a town. They asked them for food but they refused them hospitality. They found a wall there about to fall down." He made a gesture with his hand like this. (Sufyan indicated that he touched his something upwards, and I only heard Sufayn mention 'about to fall' once.) He said, 'We come to some people who do not feed us or give us hospitality, and you deliberately go to their wall. 'If you had wanted, you could have taken a wage for that!' He answered, 'This is the parting of the ways between me and you. I will let you know the explanation of those things about which you were not able to be patient.'"
"'The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "We wished that Musa had been patient, so that Allah would have told us about them."'"
Sufyan said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May Allah have mercy on Musa! If he had been patient, Allah would have told us about their business."
Ibn 'Abbas recited, "A king who behind them commandeering every sound boat by force," and "As for the youth, he was a rejector and his parents were believers."
Sufyan said, "I heard it twice from him and memorised it from him." Sufyan was asked, "You memorised it before you heard it from 'Amr or did you memorise it from some person?" He said, 'From whom would I memeorise it Someone other than me related it from 'Amr. I heard it from him two or three times, and I memorised it from him."
3221. It is related from Abu Hurayra £that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Al-Khidr was so named because he sat in a bare dry land and then it began to quiver with green after him."
Another isnad from Sufyan.
3222. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The tribe of Israel were told, 'Enter the gate in prostration and say, "Humility!"' but they changed it and entered crawling on their buttocks, saying, 'A grain in a hair.'"
3223. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Musa was a modest man who covered himself. He did not show any of his skin out of his modesty. Some of the tribe of Israel hurt him and said, 'He only covers himself like this because of some defect on his skin - either leprosy, scrotal hernia or some other defect. Allah wanted to clear Musa of what they said about him. One day he retired alone and placed his garment on a stone and then bathed. When he finished, he went to his clothes to take them, and the stone ran off with it. Musa took a stick and went after the stone, 'My clothes, O stone! My clothes, O stone!' until he reached a group of the tribe of Israel and they saw him naked and the best of what Allah has created and He cleared him of what they were saying. The stone stopped and he took his clothes and put them on and began to hit the stone with his stick. By Allah, the stone still has three, four or five marks from the beating. That is His words, 'O you who believe, do not be like those who abused Musa. Allah absolved him of what they said and he was highly honoured with Allah.' (33:69)"
3224. It is related that 'Abdullah was said to say, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made a distribution and a man said, 'By Allah, this a distribution by which the face of Allah is not desired.' I went to inform the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace!' He became angry so that I could see the anger in his face. Then he said, 'May Allah have mercy on Musa! He was abused more than this and he was patient.'"
XXIX: "Who were devoting themselves to some idols which they had." (7:138)
"Mutabbar" (7:139) is loss, and "to visit with destruction (li-yutabbiû)" all that fell into their power," i.e. who they overcame. (17:7)
3225. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "We were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, picking the fruit of Arak trees and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'You should pick the black ones. They are the best.' They asked, 'Did you use to herd sheep?' He replied, 'Is there any Prophet who has not herded them?'"
XXX: "And when Musa said to his people, 'Allah commands you to sacrifice a cow...'" (2:68)
Abu'l-'Aliyya said that "'awan" is between young and old, and "faqi'" is pure (2:67); "lâ dhalül" is not tamed for work, and "tuthîru'l-ard" (2:71) is not tamed to till the land nor to work in the field. "Musallama" is free of defects and "lâ shiya" (2:71) is white. "Safra'" (2:69) can mean black, if you like. It is said to mean yellow as He says, "yellow camels" (77:33) "Fa'ddar'atum" (2:72) is to disagree.
XXXI: The death of Musa and his mention after it
3226. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "The angel of death was sent to Musa, peace be upon him. When he came, Musa gave him a black eye so he returned to his Lord and said, 'You sent me to a slave who does not want to die.' Allah restored his eye and said, "Go back and tell him to put his hand on the back of an ox and he will live a year for every hair that his hand covers." Musa said, 'O Lord, then what?' He said, 'Then death.' He said, 'Let it be now, then.'" He said, "He asked Allah to be brought within a stone's throw of the Holy Land." Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'If I were there, I would show you his grave beside the road near the red sand-dune.'"
The like of it is related from Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
3227. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "A Muslim man and a Jewish man insulted one another. The Muslim said, 'By the One who chose Muhammad over all the worlds,' in an oath that he made and the Jew said, 'By the One who chose Musa over all the worlds.' At that, the Muslim raised his hand and slapped the Jew's face. So the Jew went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and told him about the affair of him and the Muslim. He said, 'Do not prefer me over Musa. On the Day of Rising, people will faint, and I will be the first to regain consciousness, and there will be Musa grasping the Throne. I do not know whether he will be among those who fainted and came to before me, or if he was one of those that Allah excepted.'"
3228. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Adam and Musa argued, and Musa said to him, 'You are Adam whom He expelled from the Garden because of your mistake.' Adam said, 'You are Musa whom Allah chose for His messages and direct words and then you blame me for something which was decreed for me before I was created?'" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said twice, "So Adam overcame Musa in the argument."
3229. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came out to us one day and said, 'All the nations were shown to me and I saw an enormous mass which blocked the horizon. It was said, 'This is Musa and his community.'"
XXXII: The words of Allah Almighty, "Allah has made an example for those who believe: the wife of Pharaoh when she said, 'My Lord, build a house in the Garden for me in Your presence and rescue me from Pharaoh and his deeds and rescue me from the wrongdoing people.' And Maryam, the daughter of ÔImran, who guarded her chastity and We breathed Our Life Breath into her and she confirmed the Words of her Lord and His Book and was one of the obedient." (66:11-12)
3230. It is related from Abu Musa £ that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Many men have been prefect, but the only perfect women are Asiya, the wife of Pharaoh, and Maryam, daughter of 'Imran. The excellence of 'A'isha over the women is like the excellence of tharid* over other types of food."
[* Meat stew]
XXXIII: "Qarun was one of the people of Musa..." (28:76)
"Latanu'u" is to be heavy. Ibn 'Abbas said, "A body of strong men" is that a group of men could not lift them. It is said that "farihîn" is joyful. "It is indeed Allah" (28:82) is like: "Do you not see that Allah?" "Allah expands provision to anyone He wills and restricts it" (13:26) is to make it ample for him and to constrict it.
XXXIV: "To Madyan their brother Shu'ayb" (11:84)
"To Madyan" because Madyan is a country. That is like "Ask at the town" (12:82) and "ask the caravan," (12:82), meaning thhe people of the town and the people of the caravan. "away behind your backs" (11:92) is that they did not turn to Him. When you do not fulfil someone's need: you ignore his need and put it behind you.
He said that "dhihri" means that you take a beast of burden with you for support. "Makanatuhum" and "makanuhum" (11:93) mean the same. "Yaghnû" (7:92) is to live. "Ta'sa" (5:26, 68) is to sorrow, and "asa" (7:93) is to sorrow.
Al-Hasan said that "You are clearly the forbearing, the rightly-guided!" (11:87) was when they were mocking him.
Mujahid said that Layka is al-Ayka (the Wood) and that "the Day of Shadow " (26:189) is the shadowing of the cloud of punishment on them.
XXXV: The words of Allah Almighty, "Yunus too was one of the Messengers - to His words - The fish devoured him and he was to blame." (37:139-148)
Mujahid said that mulîm" means wrong-doing and "mashhûn" is full.
"Had it not been that he was a man who glorifies..." "We cast him up onto the beach" on the surface of the earth, "and he was sick, and We caused a gourd-tree to grow over him," a plant without a stem which includes gourds and other similar plants. "We sent him to a hundred thousand or more. They believed, so We gave them enjoyment for a time." (37:142:148)
"Do not be like the Companion of the Fish when he called out in absolute despair." (68:48) "Kathîm" is "in grief".
3231. It is related from 'Abdullah that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "None of you should say 'I am better than Yunus.'" Musaddad added, "Yunus ibn Matta."
3232. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not proper for a slave to say, I am better than Yunus ibn Matta.'"
3233. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "While a Jew was offering his goods for sale, he was offered something for them which he disliked, and he said, 'No, by the One who chose Musa over mankind.' A man of the Ansar heard him and got up and slapped his face. He said, 'Do you say, "By the One who chose Musa over mankind," when the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is among us!' So the Jew went to him and said, 'Abu'l-Qasim! I have protection and a pledge, so what business does so-and-so have in slapping my face?' He said, 'Did you slap his face?' He mentioned it to him and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became angry so that it could be seen in his face. Then he said, 'Do not make preference between the Prophets of Allah. The Trumpet will be blown, and everyone who is in the heavens and everyone who is the earth will swoon, except whomever Allah wills. Then it will be blown a second time and I will be the first to be raised. There Musa will be holding to the Throne. I will not known whether his swooning on the Day of the Mount was enough or whether he was raised before me, and I do not say that anyone is better than Yunus ibn Matta.'"
3234. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not proper for a slave to say, 'I am better than Yunus ibn Matta.'"
XXXVI: Chapter:
"Ask them about the town which was by the sea when they broke the Sabbath – when their fish came to them near the surface on their Sabbath day but did not come on the days which were not their Sabbath - to His words - 'Be apes, despised, cast out!"" (7:163-166)
XXXVII: The words of Allah Almighty, "And We gave Dawud the Zabur." (4:163)
Zubur are books, and the singular is zabür and zabara means "to write".
"We gave Da'ud great favour from Us, 'O mountains and birds, echo with him in his praise!'" (Mujahid said that it is: "Glorify with him") And We made the iron soft for him (commanding), And We made iron malleable for him. 'Make full-length coats of mail, measuring the links with care. (Do not make the rivet too small, so that it becomes loose, nor too large so that it breaks.) And act rightly, all of you, for I see what you do.'" (34:10-11)
3235. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Recitation was made easy for Da'ud, peace be upon him. He used to order that his animals be saddled, and he had done his recitation before they were saddled, and he only ate from the work of his own hand."
It is related from Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
3236. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was informed that I had said, 'By Allah, I will fast all day and pray all night for as long as I live.'" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "You are the one who said, By Allah, I will fast all day and pray all night for as long as I live.'?" I replied, "I said that." He said, "You will not be able to do it. So fast and break the fast, and pray and sleep. Fast three days of the month and since every good action is multiplied by ten that will be like fasting all the time." I said, "I can do more than that." He said, "Then fast one day and break the fast for two days.' I stated, "I can do more than that." He said, "Then fast one day and break the fast the next. That is the fast of Da'ud, peace be upon him, and it is the best fast." I said, "I can do more than that." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is nothing better than that.'"
3237. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, "Have I not been informed that you spend the night in prayer and fast the day.' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'If you do that, it will make your eyes weak and your self tired. Fast for three days of each month. That is fasting the entire year - or like fasting the entire year.' I said, 'I feel strong.' (Mis'ar said that is strength.) He said, 'Then fast the fast of Da'ud, peace be upon him. He used to fast one day and break the fast the next and he did not run away when he met the enemy.'"
XXXVIII: The most beloved prayer to Allah is the prayer of Da'ud, and the most beloved fast to Allah is the fast of Da'ud. He used to sleep half the night, pray for for a third and then go to sleep again for a sixth. He used to fast one day and break the fast the next.
'Ali said,"It is the words of 'A'isha, "Whenever he was with me in the time just before dawn he spent it sleeping." [see 1082]
3238. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr was heard to say, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, 'The fast which Allah loves most is the fast of Da'ud. He used to fast one day and break the fast the next. The prayer Allah loves most is the prayer of Da'ud. He used to sleep half the night, pray for for a third and then go to sleep again for a sixth.'"
XXXIX "Remember Our slave Da'ud, who possessed true strength. He truly turned to his Lord- to His words - We gave him wisdom and decisive speech." (38:17-20)
Mujahid said that fasl al-khitab means understanding in judgement.
"Lâ tushtit" means do not be excessive. "But guide us to the Right Path. This man is my brother. This brother of mine has ninety-nine ewes (na'ja is used for a woman and a female sheep) and I have only one. Yet he says, 'Commit her to my care,' (which is like, "to the care of Zakariyya was she assigned" (3:37) He said, 'Let me have charge of it,' and got the better of me with his words. (He overcame me, and became mightier than me. You make someone strong. "with his words" means in discussion.) He said, "He has wronged you by asking for your ewe to add to his ewes. Truly many partners are unjust to one another – to His words - We had put him to the test. (Ibn 'Abbas said, "We tried him, and 'Umar read it as "fattanâhu" with a double ta'); So he begged forgiveness from his Lord and fell down prone, prostrating, and repented." (38:22-24)
3239. It is related that Mujahid said, "I asked Ibn 'Abbas, 'Do you prostrate in Sad?' He recited, 'And among his descendants were Da'ud and Sulayman - to His words - so be guided by their guidance.' (6:84-90)' He said, 'Your Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was one of those who was commanded to follow them.'"
3240. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "Sad is not one of the obligatory prostrations, but I did see the Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prostrate in it."
XL: The words of Allah Almighty, "We gave to Da'ud Sulayman. What an excellent slave! He truly turned to his Lord." (38:30)
and His words, "Give me a kingdom the like of which will never be granted to anyone after me," (38:35) and His words, "They follow what the shaytans recited in the reign of Sulayman." (2:102)
"And to Sulayman – power over the wind: a month's journey in the morning and a month in the afternoon. And We made a fount of molten brass flow out for him. And some of the jinn worked under his supervision by the permission of his Lord. And if a single one of them deviated from Our command, We let him taste the punishment of the Searing Blaze. They made for him anything he wished: high arches (Mujahid said that they are buildings which are less than palaces), and statues, huge dishes like cisterns (like basins for camels. Ibn 'Abbas said that it is like the pit in the ground), great built-in cooking vats. 'Work, family of Da'ud, in thankfulness!' But very few of My slaves show thanks. Then when We decreed that he should die, nothing divulged his death to them except the worm which ate his staff; so that when he fell down it was made clear to the jinn that if they had truly had knowledge of the Unseen they need not have stayed there suffering humiliating punishment." (34:12-14)
"love of good things above the remembrance of my Lord. . . And he set about slashing through their shanks and through their necks" (38:32-33) is to touch the manes and forelegs. "Asfâd" (38:38) means fetters.
Mujahid said that "sâfinât" (38:31) is from when the horse stands with one of legs raised, so that it rests on the end of the hoof. "Jiyâd" is swift. "A body" (38:34) is a shaytan. "Softly (good) wherever he directed" (38:36) is where he wanted. "Fa'mnun" is give and "bi-ghayri hisâb" (38:39) is without constriction.
3241. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Last night an 'Ifrit of the jinn suddenly appeared attempting to interrupt my prayer but Allah gave me power over him and I seized him. I wanted to tie him to one of the pillars of the mosque so that you could all see him in the morning, but I remembered the supplication of my brother Sulayman, 'My Lord, forgive me and give me a kingdom the like of which will never be granted to anyone after me.' (38:35). So I sent him off in disgrace."
An 'ifrit is a recalcitrant person of men or jinn, like zibniyya whose plural is zabâniyya.
3242. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Sulayman ibn Da'ud said, 'Tonight I will go around to seventy women each of whom will conceive a warrior who will fight in the way of Allah. His companion said to him, 'Allah willing,' but he did not say it and only one of them became pregnant and miscarried with half a child." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'If only he had said it, they would have fought in the way of Allah."
Shu'ayb and Ibn Abi'z-Zinad said, "Ninety," and that it sounder.
3243. It is related from Abu Dharr, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, which was the first mosque to be built?' He replied, 'The Masjid al-Haram.' 'I said, 'Then which one?' He said, 'Then the Masjid al-Aqsa.' I said, 'How long was there between them?' He said, 'Forty years.' Then he said, 'Whenever the prayer comes when you are there after its time, pray it. The earth is a mosque for you.'"
3244. It is related from Abu Hurayra that he heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "The metaphor of me and people is like a man who lights a fire and the and moths and these creatures begin to fall into the fire." He said, "Two women had their children with them when a wolf came and took away the child of one of them. She said to her companion, 'It has taken your child.' The other said, 'On the contrary it has taken your child.' They took the dispute to Da'ud and he decided on behalf of the elder woman. They went to Sulayman ibn Da'ud, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and informed him and he said, 'Bring me a knife and I will divide him up between you.' The younger woman said, 'Do not do it, may Allah have mercy on you! It is her child.' So he judged that it belonged to the younger one." Abu Hurayra said, "By Allah, I heard 'a knife (sakîn)' only on that day. We used to say mudya."
XLI: The words of Allah Almighty, "We gave Luqman wisdom: 'Give thanks to Allah.' - to His words - For Allah does not love any vain or boastful man." (31:12-18)
"Lâ tusa''ir" is to avert the face.
3245. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "When this ayat was sent down, 'Those who believe and do not mix up their faith with any wrongdoing,' (6:82) the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, 'Which of us has not confused his belief with wrong?" Then was sent down, 'Do not associate anything with Allah. Attributing partners to Him is a terrible wrong.' (31:13)"
3246. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "When the words of Allah were revealed, 'Those who believe and do not mix up their faith with any wrongdoing,' (6:82) That was hard on the Muslims and they said, 'Messenger of Allah, who among us has not done wrong?' He said, 'It is not that. It is shirk. Have you not heard what Luqman said to his son in admonition, 'O my son, do not associate anything with Allah. Attributing partners to Him is a terrible wrong.' (31:13) "
XLII: "Make an example for them of the inhabitants of the city." (36:13)
Mujahid said that "'azzaznâ" (36:14) is to strengthen. Ibn 'Abbas said that "tâ'irukum" (36:19) means your calamities.
XLIII: "Remembering your Lord's mercy to His slave Zakariyya, when he called on his Lord in secret. He said, 'O Lord, my bones have lost their strength and my head is crowned with white - to His words - a name we have given to no one else before." (19:2-7)
Ibn 'Abbas says, "For example, one says radiyan for mardiyan." "'Itiyan" is to disobey, from 'atâ.
"He said, 'O Lord! How can I have a boy when my wife is barren and I have reached advanced old age?' - to His words - for three nights, despite the fact that you are perfectly able to. (it is said to mean sound) He came out to his people from the Upper Room and gestured to them to glorify Allah in the morning and the evening. (awha means he indicated) (To his son came the command): 'O Yahya! take hold of the Book with vigour" - to His words - and the day he is raised up again alive." (19:8-15)
"Hafiyan" (19:37) is kind and "'âqir" (barren) is used for both male and female.
3247. It is related from Malik ibn Sa'sa'a that the Prophet of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, related to them about the night on which he made his journey, "Then he ascended until he came to the second heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is this?' He replied, 'Jibril.' It was asked, 'Who is with you?' He replied, 'Muhammad.' It was said, 'Has he been sent for?' He answered, 'Yes.' When I arrived, there was Yahya and 'Isa who were cousins. He said, 'This is Yahya and 'Isa,' and he greeted the two of them and I returned the greeting. Then they said, 'Welcome to a righteous brother and a a righteous Prophet!'"
XLIV: The words of Allah Almighty, "Mention Maryam in the Book, when she withdrew from her people to an eastern place." (19:16)
"When the angels said, 'Maryam, Allah gives you the good news of a Word from Him." (3:45)
"Allah chose Adam and Nuh and the family of Ibrahim and the family of 'Imran over all other beings - to His words - Allah provides for whoever He wills without reckoning." (3:33-37)
Ibn 'Abbas says, "The family of 'Imran are the believers of the family of Ibrahim, the family of 'Imran, the family of Yasin, and the family of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." Allah says, "The people with the strongest claim to Ibrahim are those who followed him," (3:68) and they are the believers.
It is said that the family (âl) of Ya'qub is the immediate family (ahl) of Ya'qub. When âl is diminutive, then it refers to the root and one says uhayl.
3248. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "There is no one born of the descendants of Adam but that Shaytan touches him when he is born. So he cries when he is born from the touch of Shaytan - except for Maryam and her son.'" Then Abu Hurayra said, "I have placed her and her children in Your safekeeping from the Accursed Shaytan." (3:36)
XLV: Chapter
"When the angels said, 'Maryam, Allah has chosen you and purified you and has chosen you over all other women. Maryam, obey your Lord and prostrate and bow with those who bow.' This is news from the Unseen which We reveal to you. You were not with them when they cast their reeds to see which of them would be the guardian of Maryam. You were not with them when they quarrelled." (3:42-44)
It is said that "yakfulu" is to embrace. and it is not from guaranteeing (kafâla) debts and the like.
3249. It is related that 'Ali said, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'The best of the women of her time was Maryam ibn 'Imran, and the best of the women of her time was Khadija."
XLVI: The words of Allah Almighty, "When the angels said, 'Maryam, Your Lord gives you the good news of a Word from Him. His name is the Messiah, 'Isa, son of Maryam, - to His words -He just says to it, 'Be!' and it is." (3:45-47)
Yubashshiru and yabshiru mean the same. "Wajîh" is noble.
Ibrahim said that "masih" is the true. Mujahid said that "kahl" is mature. "Akmah" is the one who can see in the day, but not at night, and other said that it is the one who is born blind.
3250. It is related from Abu Musa al-Ash'ari that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The excellence of 'A'isha over the women is like the excellence of tharid over other types of food. Many men have been prefect, but the only perfect women are Asiya, the wife of Pharaoh, and Maryam, daughter of 'Imran."
3251. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "The women of Quraysh are the best of the women of those who ride camels. They are the most tender to children and the most careful with their husbands' property.'" Abu Hurayra said after this, "Maryam bint 'Imran never rode a camel."
The nephew of az-Zuhri and Ishaq al-Kalbi corroborated it from az-Zuhri.
XLVII: CHAPTER:
"O People of the Book! Do not go to excess concerning your deen. Say nothing but the truth about Allah. The Messiah, 'Isa son of Maryam, was only the Messenger of Allah and His Word, which He cast into Maryam, and a Spirit from Him. So believe in Allah and His Messengers. Do not say, 'Three.' It is better that you stop. Allah is only One God. He is too Glorious to have a son! Everything in the heavens and everything in the earth belongs to Him. Allah is enough as a Guardian." (4:171)
Abu 'Ubayd said that "His word" is "Be" and it is. Someone else said that "a Spirit from Him" is that He gave him life and gave him a spirit, "Say not 'Three'".
3252. It is related from 'Ubada that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever testifies that there is no god but Allah alone with no partner and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger and that 'Isa is the slave of Allah and His Messenger and a word which He cast into Maryam and a spirit from Him and that the Garden is real and the Fire is real will enter the Garden whatever his actions."
It is related from Junada that he added, "And he can enter by whichever of the eight doors of the Garden he wishes."
XLVIII: "Mention Maryam in the Book, when she withdrew from her people." (19:16)
"Nabadhnâ" (37:145) is "We cast to him". Here it is "she withdrew." Eastern" to that which is towards the east. "Fa- ajâ'ahâ" (19:23) is Form IV of jâ'. It is said that it means: "compelled her". "Tusâqat" (19:25) is to fall and "qasiyann" (19:22) means far, and "fariyyan" (19:27) means enormous, terrible.
Ibn 'Abbas said that "nisyan" (19:23) is "I was nothing." Someone else that that it is something insignificant.
Abu Wa'il said, "Maryam knew that the godfearing has understanding when she said, "If you are godfearing." (19:17)
It is said from al-Bara' that "sariyyan" (19:24) means a small river is Syriac.
3253. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Only three people talked in their cradles: 'Isa son of Maryam and a man among the tribe of Israel called Jurayj. His mother came to him while he was praying and called him. He said, 'Shall I answer or shall I pray?' She said, 'O Allah, do not let him die without having looked into the face of a prostitute!' While Jurayj was in his hermitage, a woman displayed herself to him or spoke to him, but he refused. So she went to a shepherd and offered herself to him. She gave birth to a child and said, 'It is from Jurayj.' They went to him and demolished his hermitage, forced him down, and began to abuse him. He did wudu' and prayed and then went to the child and said, 'Boy, who is your father?' The boy said, 'The shepherd.' They said, 'We will build you a hermitage of gold.' He said, 'No, only from clay.' While a child of the tribe of Israel was feeding from its mother, a man of good appearance passed by riding. She said, 'O Allah, make my son like this man.' He left the breast and turned to look at the rider and said, 'O Allah, do not make me like him.' Then he turned back to the breast and began to feed." Abu Hurayra said, "It is as if I could see the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, describing his feeding by putting his forefinger in his mouth and sucking it." "Then a slavegirl was brought by and she said, 'O Allah, do not make my son like her!' He stopped feeding and looked at her and said, 'O Allah, make me like her.' She said, 'Why is that?' He said, "The rider was one of the tyrants and they say that this slave-girl stole and committed fornication, but she did not do it.'"
Another isnad.
3254. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said on the Night he made the Journey, he said, 'I met Musa,' and he described him, 'There is a man - and I reckon that he said - a tall man with straight hair, like one of them men Shanu'a,' and he said, 'I met 'Isa,' and he described him, 'a man of medium height, reddish complexion, as if he had just come out of bath. I saw Ibrahim, and I am the one of his descendants who most resembles him. He said, 'Then I was brought two vessels, one containing milk and the other wine. It was said, 'Drink whichever one you wish.' I took the milk and drank it. It was said, 'You have taken the natural form (or you have got the natural form). If you had taken the wine, your community would have erred.
3255. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I saw 'Isa, Musa and Ibrahim. 'Isa was reddish with curly hair and a broad chest. As for Musa, he was brown-skinned and corpulent, with straight hair, as if he were one of the men of az-Zutt."
3256. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "One day among the people the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mentioned the False Messiah and said, 'Prophet is not one-eyed, but the False Messiah is one-eyed in the right eye and his eye looks like a swollen grape. While I was sleeping at the Ka'ba, I dreamt of a man with brownish skin, like the best brownish skin among men, and his hair came between his shoulders, and his hair was straight and water was dripping from his head. He had his hands on the shoulders of two men, and was doing tawaf of the House. I said, "Who is this?" They said, "This is the Messiah the son of Maryam." Then behind him I saw a man with very curly hair and blind in the right eye. He most closely resembled Ibn Qatan. He had his hands on the shoulders of a man who was doing tawaf of the House. I said, "Who is this?" They said, "The false Messiah."'"
'Ubaydullah corroborated it from Nafi'.
3257. It is related from Salim that his father said, "No, by Allah. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not say that 'Isa was reddish, but he said, 'While I was asleep doing tawaf of the Ka'ba, there was a man with brownish skin and straight hair who was walking between two men, water dripping from his head, or with water flowing from his head. I said, "Who is this?" They said, "The son of Maryam." Then I turned around and there was a reddish corpulent man with curly hair and blind in his right eye, and his eye was like a swollen grape. I said, "Who is this?" They said, "This is the Dajjal." The person who most resembles him in Ibn Qatan.'"
Az-Zuhri said that he was a man of Khuza'a who died in the time of the Jahiliyya.
3258. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'I am the closest of people to the son of Maryam. The Prophets are paternal brothers, and there has been no Prophet between me and him.'"
3259. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I am the closest of people to 'Isa son of Maryam in this world and the Next. The Prophets are paternal brothers. Their mothers vary. but their deen is the same."
Another isnad from Abu Hurayra who said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said..."
3260. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "'Isa son of Maryam saw a man stealing and said to him, 'Have you stolen?' He said, 'No, by Allah whom there is no god but Him.' 'Isa said, 'I believe in Allah and say my lies lie.'"
3261. It is related that 'Umar said on the minbar, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Do not be excessive in praising me, as the Christians praised the son of Maryam. I am His slave. Say, "the slave of Allah and His Messenger."'"
3262. It is related that Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When a man teaches his slavegirl manners and does it well and teaches her and does it well and then sets her free and marries her, he will have two rewards. When he believes in 'Isa and then believes in me, he will have two rewards. A slave who fears his Lord and obeys his masters will have two rewards."
3263. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas who said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "You will be gathered barefoot, naked and uncircumcised. Then he recited 'As We originated the first creation so We will regenerate it. It is a promise binding on Us. That is what We will do.' (21:103) The first of creatures to be clothed on the Day of Rising will be Ibrahim. Men of my community will be taken to the right and to the left. I will say, 'My Companions!' and it will be said, 'They never stopped turning back on their heels from the time you left them.' I will say the same as the righteous slave, 'Isa son of Maryam said, 'I was a witness against them as long as I remained among them,' to 'You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.' (5:117-118)"
Qabisa said that they are the apostates who apostasized during the time of Abu Bakr and Abu Bakr fought them.
XLIX: The descent of 'Isa son Maryam, peace be upon them both
3264. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "By the One who has my soul in His hand, the time is soon coming when the son of Maryam will descend among you as a just judge. He will break the crosses, kill the pigs and remove the jizya-tax. There will be so much money that there will be no takers for it, and a single prostration will be better than this world and what it contains." Then Abu Hurayra said, "Recite if you like, 'There is not one of the People of the Book who will not believe in him before he dies; and on the Day of Rising, he will be a witness against them.' (4:159)"
3265. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "How will you be when the son of Maryam descends among you and is your Imam from among you?"
Al-Awza'i corroborated it.
L: What has been mentioned about the Tribe of Israel
3266. It is related that Rib'i ibn Hirash that 'Uqba ibn 'Amr said to Hudhayfa, "Will you not relate to me what you heard from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?" He said, "I heard him say, 'The Dajjal will emerge accompanied by water and fire. What appears to the people as water will in fact be fire that burns, and what appears to the people as fire will in fact be cold water. Anyone among you who meets him, should plunge into what appears to him as fire, for it will in fact be cold water.'"
Hudhayfa said, "There was a man in the people before you to whom the angel came to take his soul. He was asked, 'Have you done any good?' He said, 'Not that I know.' He was told, 'Look.' He said, 'I do not know of anything except that I used to sell to people in this world and I would make allowances for them. I would give the wealthy time to pay and make allowances for those in difficulties.' Allah admitted him to the Garden."
He said, "I heard him say, "There was a man to whom death came and when he despaired of life, he ordered his family, 'When I am dead, gathered a great pile of firewood for me and kindle it into a fire until it consumes my flesh and reches my bones and burns them. Then take them and pulverise them. Then wait for a windy day and scatter over the sea.' They did that and Allah gathered him and said to him, 'Why did you do that?' He said, 'Out of fear of You.' So Allah forgave him."
'Uqba ibn 'Amr said, "I heard him say that and "he was a grave-robber."
3267. It is related that 'A'isha and Ibn 'Abbas said, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was dying, he began pulling his khamisa (blanket) over his face but when he felt suffocated by it, he removed it from his face and at that point he said, 'May the curse of Allah be upon the Jews and the Christians who took the graves of their Prophets as places of worship.' He was warning against what they had done."
3268. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The tribe of Israel used to be ruled by the Prophets. Whenever a Prophet died, another Prophet would succeed him. There is no Prophet after me, but after me there will be khalifs, and there will be many of them." They said, "What do you command us?" He said, "Give full allegiance to the first and then the next and then give them their rights and ask Allah for that which is due to you. Allah will question them about that which they were put in charge of."
3269. It is related from Abu Sa'id that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "You will follow the customs of those before you hand by hand and arm by arm to such an extent that if they were to go into the the hole of a lizard, you would go there." We said, "O Messenger of Allah, is it the Jews and the Christians?" He said, "Who else?"
3270. It is related that Anas said, "The people mentioned the fire and the bell, recollecting the Jews and the Christians. Then Bilal was instructed to say the phrases of the adhan twice and those of the iqama once only."
3271. It is related from 'A'isha that she used to dislike for someone praying to put his hand on his waist, "Saying the Jews do it."
Shu'ba corroborated it from al-A'mash.
3272. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Your term in relation to the term of the nations which have passed is what is between the 'Asr prayer and sunset. The example of you, and that of the the Jews and the Christians is like that of a man who employed some workers. He said, 'Who will work for me until midday for a qirat each?' The Jews worked until midday for a qirat each. Then he said, 'Who will work for me from midday to the 'Asr prayer for a qirat each?' Then the Christians worked from midday to the 'Asr prayer for a qirat each. Then he said, 'Who will work for me from 'Asr until sunset for two qirats?' Then you are those who work from the 'Asr prayer to sunset for two qirats each, so you have a double wage. The Jews and Christians got angry and said, 'We did more work but get less pay!' He said, 'Have I wronged you at all regarding anything which was due to you?' They said, 'No.' He said, 'That is my bounty which I give to whomever I wish.'"
3273. It is related that 'Umar was heard to say, "May Allah fight so-and-so! Does he not know that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'May Allah curse the Jews! Fat was made unlawful for them and they melted it and sold it.'"
3274. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Transmit from me, even if it is only an ayat, and you may relate from the tribe of Israel without harm. Anyone who deliberately tells a lie regarding me will take his seat in the Fire."
3275. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Jews and Christians do not dye, so do the opposite of them."
[This means to dye white hair.]
3276. It is related from Jundub (in this mosque and we did not forget nor fear that Jundub would lie) that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Among those before you there was a man with wound who could not injure the pain and so he took a knife and cut his hand with it, and the blood did not stop until he died and Allah said, 'My slave hastened his way to Me, and so I made the Garden unlawful for him.'"
The story of the leper, the blind man and bald man among the tribe of Israel
3277. It is related from Abu Hurayra that he heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Three of the tribe of Isra'il were respectively leprous, bald and blind. Allah wanted to put them to the test and so he sent an angel to them. He came to the leper and said, 'What would you like best?' He said, 'A good complexion and clear skin and the thing that I have which makes people find me unclean to be taken from me.' He wiped him and his impurity left him and he gave him a good complexion. He asked, 'What property do you like best?' He answered, 'Camels (or he said 'cattle' - the relator is uncertain about the leper and the bald man, for one of them asked for camels and the other for cattle.)' and he gave him a pregnant she-camel.' He said, 'May Allah bless you in it.'
"Then he came to the bald one and asked, 'What would you like best?' He replied, 'A good head of hair and to have what people consider distasteful about me removed from me.' So he touched him and removed what he had and gave him good hair. He said, 'What property do you like the best?' He said, 'Cattle,' so he gave him a pregnant cow and he said, 'May Allah bless you in it.'
"Then he went to the blind man and asked, 'What would you like best?' He answered, 'That Allah return my sight to me so that I can see people.' He touched him and Allah returned his sight to him. He said, 'What property do you like the best?' He replied, 'Sheep,' and he gave him a pregnant sheep.
"These animals all gave birth and produced offspring. The one had a valley full of camels, the other a valley full of cattle and the other a valley full of sheep.
"Then he went to the leper in his own form and appearance and said, 'I am a poor man who has lost his means on his journey. Today I can seek none but Allah and then you. I ask you, by the One who gave you a good complexion and good skin and property, for a camel so that I can complete my journey.' He said, 'I have many obligations.' He said, 'I seem to recognise you. Were you not a leper, that people found unclean, and poor and then Allah was generous to you?' He said, 'I inherited this property, elder son from elder son.' He said, 'If you are a liar in your claim, may Allah return you as you were!'
"He went to the bald man in his own form and appearance and said to him the same as he had said to the other and he replied to him in the same way. He said, 'If you are a liar, may Allah return you as you were!'
"Then he went to the blind man in his own form and appearance and said to him, 'I am a poor man who has lost his means on his journey. Today I can seek none but Allah and then you. I ask you by the One who returned your sight to you for a sheep so I can complete my journey.' He said, 'I was blind and Allah restored my sight to me, and poor and Allah ennriched me, so take what you want and leave what you want. By Allah, I will not be hard on you today about anything which you take for Allah, the Mighty and Exalted.' He said, 'Keep your property. You have been tested and Allah is pleased with you and angry with your companions.'"
LI: "Do you consider that the Companions of the Cave and Ar-Raqim" (18:9)
The cave is the opening in the mountains and the raqim is the Book. "Marqum" (83:9) means written, coming from raqm. "We fortified their hearts" (18:14) is "We inspired them to be steadfast". "Shatat" (18:14) is excessive. "Wasid" (18:18) is the courtyard, and its plural is wasâ'id and wusud, and one says the "threshold" of the door. "Mu'sada" (90:20 and 104:8) is encompassing. There is "to close the door" (âsada, awsada). "We raised them up" (18:19) is We brought them to life, and "azka" means the most abundant. Allah sealed their ears (18:11) and they slept. "Guessing at the unseen" (18:22) is that it was not clear. Mujahid said that "taqriduhum" (18:17) means to leave them.
Story of the Cave
3278. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "While three people of those before you were walking, they were caught by the rain and took shelter in a cave in the mountain and they were blocked in. They said to one another, 'Only truthfulness will save you. Let each man of you supplicate by what he has done and was sincere in doing.'
One of them said, 'O Allah, You know that I hired a worker to do some work for me for a faraq of rice. He went off and left it. I took that faraq and sowed it and from that I purchased cows. He came to me to ask for his wage and I said, "Go to those cattle and drive them off." He said to me, "But I am only owed a faraq of rice from you." I said, "Go to those cattle. They have come from that faraq." So he drove them off. If you know that I did that out of fear of You, then make an opening for us!' The rock made an opening for them.
"The second said, 'O Allah, YOu know that I have two aged parents and every night I used to bring them the milk of my sheep. One night I was delayed and when I came they had gone to slee, and my wife and children were crying from hunger. I used to not let them drink until my parents had drunk. I disliked to wake them up and I disliked to leave them without their drink. I continued to wait until dawn broke. If you know that I did that out of fear of You, then make an opening for us!' The rock opened for them so that they saw the sky.'
"The other said, 'O Allah, You know that I had a niece who was the most beloved of people to me. I tried to seduce her and she refused me unless I brought her a hundred dinars. I looked for them until I had them and then I brought them to her and gave them to her, and she gave herself to me. When I was between her legs, she said, "Fear Allah and do not deflower without right," so I got up and left the hundred dinars. If you know that I did that out of fear of You, then make an opening for us!' and it opened and they went out."
3279. It is related from Abu Hurayra that he heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "While a woman was suckling her child, a rider passed by her and she liked him. She said, 'O Allah, do not let my son die until he is like this one.' He said, 'O Allah, do not make me like him.' Then he turned back to the breast and a slave-girl passed by who was being pulled and abused. She said, 'O Allah, do not make my son like her!' He said, 'O Allah, make me like her.' He said, 'The rider was an unbeliever and said to the slave-girl, "You committed fornication," and she said, "Allah is enough for me." They said, "You stole," and she said, "Allah is enough for me."'"
3280. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, "While a dog was going around a well and about to die of thirst, one of the prostitutes of the tribe of Israel saw it and removed her shoe and gave it water. She was forgiven on account of that."
3281. It is related from Humayd ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman that he heard Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan on the minbar in the year when he went on hajj. He took a lock of hair which was in the hand of a guard and said, 'O people of Madina! Where are your men of knowledge? I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbid the like of this and say, "The tribe of Israel were destroyed when their women adopted it."'"
3282. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "In the nations who passed away before you there were people who were moved to what is correct (by Allah). If there was to be such a man among my community, it would be 'Umar ibn al-Khattab."
3283. It is related from Abu Sa'id that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Among the tribe of Israel was a man who had killed ninety-nine people. Then he went out to ask about [repentance]. He went to a monk and asked him and he said to him, 'Is there any repentance?' He said, 'No,' so he killed him. He continued to ask and a man said to him, 'Go to such-and-such a town.' Then death overtook him, and he turned his chest in its direction. The angels of mercy and the angels of punishment argued about him. Allah revealed to this village to come near and that village to go further from him. He said, 'Measure the distance between them, and he was a hand-span nearer to this village, and so He forgave him."
3284. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prayed the Subh prayer and then turned towards the people and said, "While a man was driving a cow, he mounted it and hit it. It said, 'We was not created for this. We was created for ploughing.'" The people said, "Glory be to Allah! A cow that speaks!" He said, "I, Abu Bakr and 'Umar - they were not there - believe it. While a man was with his sheep, a wolf attacked and went off with one of the sheep, and he went after it until he rescued it from the wolf. The wolf said this to him, 'You have rescued it from me, but who will guard it on the day of wild beasts, the day when they will have no shepherd but me?'" The people said, "Glory be to Allah! A wolf that speaks!" He said, "I, Abu Bakr and 'Umar believe it," although they were not there.
The like of it is related from Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
3285. It is related that Abu Hurayra £said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man bought some land from another man and the one who had purchased the land found a jar containing some gold in his land. He said to the one who had sold the land, 'Take your gold. I bought the land from you but I did not buy the gold.' The one who had owned the land said, 'I sold you the land and what it contains.' So they took the argument to a man and the one to whom they took it said, 'Do either of you have a child?' One of them said, 'I have a son,' and the other said, 'I have a daughter.' He said, 'Marry the boy to the girl and spend on them out of it and give sadaqa.'"
3286. It is related from Usama ibn Zayd was asked, "What did you hear from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, regarding the plague?" Usama said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'The plague is a punishment which was sent against a group of the tribe of Israel - or against those before you. So if you hear that it exists in a land, then you do not go it. If it occurs in a land where you are, then do you leave, fleeing from it.'" Abu'n-Nadr said, "Do not let it force you to leave only in flight from it."
3287. It is related that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, said, "I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about the plague and he informed me that it is 'a punishment which Allah sends against whomever He will. Allah has made it a mercy for the believers. There is no one who is where the plague occurs and who remains in his land with steadfastness and in expectation of the reward, knowing that only what Allah has written for him will befall him, but that he has the like of the reward of the martyr.'"
3288. It is related from 'A'isha that Quraysh were concerned with the case of a Makhzumi woman who had stolen something and they said, "Who will speak to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about her?" They said, "Who is bold enough to do it except Usama ibn Zayd, the beloved of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?" Usama spoke to him and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "How can you intercede when it is a case of one of the legal punishments of Allah Almighty?" Then he stood up and spoke and said, "Those before you were destroyed because when a noble among them stole, they let him be, but when the weak among them stole, they carried out the legal punishment on them. By Allah, if Fatima the daughter of Muhammad were to steal, I would cut off her hand."
3289. It is related that Ibn Mas'ud said, "I heard a man reciting an ayat when I had heard it differently from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. So I brought him to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and informed him. I recognised dislike in his face, and he said, 'Both of you act well. Do not disagree. Those before you disagreed and perished.'"
3290. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "It is as if I could visualise the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recounting about one of the Prophets whose people had beaten him and made him bleed. While the blood was running down his face, he was saying, 'O Allah, forgive my people! They do not know.'"
3291. It is related from Abu Sa'id from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "A man of those before you was given wealth by Allah. When he was near death, he said to his sons, 'What kind of father have I been to you?' They replied, 'An excellent father.' He said, 'I have never done any good at all. When I die, burn me and then pulverise me and then scatter me on a windy day.' They did so and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, gathered him and said, 'What moved you to it?' He said, 'Fear of you,' so He granted him His mercy."
It is related from Abu Sa'id from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
3292. It is related that Rib'i ibn Hirash that 'Uqba ibn 'Amr said to Hudhayfa, "Will you not relate to me what you heard from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?" He said, "I heard him say, 'There was a man to whom death came and when he despaired of life, he ordered his family, 'When I am dead, gathered a great pile of firewood for me and kindle it into a fire until it consumes my flesh and reaches my bones, then take them and pulverise them and scatter me on a hot - or windy - day over the sea.' Allah gathered him and said to him, 'Why did you do that?' He said, 'Out of fear of You.' So Allah forgave him."
'Uqba said, "I heard him say..."
It is related from 'Abdu'l-Malik, "on a windy day."
3293. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There was a man who used to lend to people. He would say to his servant, 'When you come to someone in difficulties, make allowances for him, so that perhaps Allah will make allowances for us.' So he met Allah and He made allowances for him."
3294. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There was a man who was excessive (in evil deeds) and when death came to him, he said to his sons, 'When I die, burn me and pulverise me and then scatter me to the wind. By Allah, if my Lord should get hold of me, He will punish me with a punishment more severe than that He has inflicted on anyone. When he died, that was done to him. So Allah commanded the earth, saying, 'Gather up what is in you of him,' and it did it. Then he was standing there and He said, 'What moved you to do what you did?' He said, 'O Lord, Your fear!' So He forgave him."
Someone else said, "Fear of you, O Lord!"
3295. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A woman was punished for a cat which she shut up until it died. She entered the Fire because of it. She did not feed it nor give it water when she shut it up nor did she let it loose to eat from the insects of the earth.'"
3296. It is related that Abu Mas'ud 'Uqba said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Part of what people have of the words of earlier prophethood is: if it does not make you ashamed, do what you wish."
It is related from Abu Mas'ud that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Part of what people have of the words of earlier prophethood is: provided it does not make you feel shame, do whatever you wish."
3297. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "While a man was dragging his wrapper out of arrogance, the earth swallow him up and he will go on sinking into the earth until the Day of Rising."
3298. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "We are the last but will be the first on the Day of Rising, in spite of the fact that others were given the Book before us and we were given it after them. This is the day about which they disagreed. The Jews have tomorrow and the Christians the day after. It is a duty for every Muslim to do ghusl once every seven days in the course of which he should wash his head and his body."
3299. It is related that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab said, "Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan came to Madina on the last time he came to it and he gave a speech and produced a hank of hair and said, 'I did not think that anyone except the Jews would do this. The Prophet* called it a 'lie", meaning joined on false hair."
Ghundar corroborated it from Shu'ba.